Business (Expert Chapter 1)｜ビジネス会話（上級１章）Lesson75: Management philosophies

PART A_1

Let’s learn vocabulary. Listen and repeat the words and the sentences with your tutor.

PART A_2

1.　in principle
	-in general
	I agree with your proposal in principle, though we have to discuss it more in detail.
2.　decentralization
	-the act or process of decentralizing an organization or government (= moving control from a single place to several smaller ones)
	Successful decentralization teaches employees to be more self-reliant.
3.　carrot and stick
	-a system in which you are rewarded for some actions and threatened with punishment for others
	When done correctly, the carrot and stick method is a good way to control employee behavior.
4.　cornerstone
	-something of great importance on which everything else depends
	Harmony and trust are the cornerstones of great teamwork.
5.　go through the motions
	-to do something without thinking it is very important or having much interest in it
	As a team leader, don’t go through the motions when talking with your members.

PART A_3

Let’s make sentences using the vocabulary we’ve just learned.

PART A_4

1. in principle
Answer:
2. decentralization
Answer:
3. carrot and stick
Answer:
4. cornerstone
Answer:
5. go through the motions
Answer:

PART B_1

Let’s read the article. Please read it aloud, and I will check your pronunciation and intonation.

PART B_2

MANAGEMENT PHILOSOPHY: THE X AND Y THEORIES BY DOUGLAS MCGREGOR

According to Douglas McGregor, there are two aspects of human behavior at work: Theory X (negative) and Theory Y (positive). In principle, the assumption of Theory X is the employees’ pessimism at work whereas Theory Y is perceiving their work as relaxing and normal. McGregor views Theory Y as a more reasonable approach than the other, thus companies are encouraged to use this theory’s technique for employees to exercise self-direction and decentralization of authority. Using the carrot and stick method can also be applied.

Complimenting workers is also a cornerstone of success. It does not only make them feel motivated but also gives them a sense of “humanity,” that the company sees them as people and not machines. An act of gratitude will surely get them at the top of their game.

Listen to their voices and respond appropriately in a genuine manner. Demonstrate sincerity when engaging in conversations with your employees and avoid going through the motions at all costs.

PART B_3

Please summarize the conversation using your own words and expressions.

PART B_4

PART C_1

Let’s do a roleplay. Talk with me according to the situation below, using the expressions you just learned.

PART C_2

You are a consultant and were hired to conduct a lecture about management philosophy. Share the following details with your tutor, who will pretend to be one of the company’s managers:
– interaction as a guiding principle (engaging in conversations with employees in person)
– the cornerstone of this guiding principle
– merit to the employees under this guiding principle
– a skill the manager must have to fulfill this guiding principle

PART C_3

PART D_1

Let’s discuss today’s theme. Please answer the questions below.

PART D_2

1.	What management style do you think is the most effective? Please tell me more about it.
2.	Why is it important to maintain a good manager-employee relationship in a business?

REVIEW AND FEEDBACK

Now, let us review the things that you learned in this lesson.

ではこのレッスンで学んだことを振り返りましょう。

(Please give a short feedback on how your student did on your class.)

	Grammar 文法	Pronunciation 発音	Vocabulary 単語	Comprehension 理解
GOOD	文法の誤りはほとんどなく、完全な文章で話すことができる	ほとんどの単語をはっきりと正しく発音することができる	習った表現を適切に使うことができる	文章を理解し、質問に正しく答えることができる
FAIR	文法の誤りはあるが、完全な文章で話すことができる	発音の練習が必要な言葉がいくつかある	たまにミスはあるが、習った表現を適切に使うことができる	文章を完全に理解するのは難しく、質問に正しく答えられないときもある
POOR	文章で話すのは難しく、単語だけで話すことができる	発音の練習が必要である	習った単語と表現を少しだけ使うことができる	文章を理解するのは難しく、質問に答えるのは難しい

TUTOR FEEDBACK

GRAMMAR
Good:	Was able to speak in complete sentences with minimal grammatical errors.
Fair:	Was able to speak in complete sentences with evident grammatical errors.
Poor:	Was able to speak using words only.
PRONUNCIATION
Good:	Was able to pronounce most of the words clearly and correctly.
Fair:	Mispronounced a few words.
Poor:	Mispronounced most of the words.
VOCABULARY
Good:	Used appropriate expressions learned in class.
Fair:	Used appropriate expressions learned in class and made a few errors in word choice.
Poor:	Used only a few words and expressions.
COMPREHENSION
Good:	Was able to understand the passages and answer the questions correctly.
Fair:	Had a little difficulty in understanding passages and answering questions.
Poor:	Had a hard time understanding passages and answering questions.