Column Discussion (Expert)｜コラムディスカッション（上級）Lesson4 : Researchers Use Sounds to Call Fish Back to Dead Coral

PART A_1

Let’s learn vocabulary. Listen and repeat the words and the sentences with your tutor.

PART A_2

1.　coral	/KAWR-uhl/
	-a hard stony substance secreted by certain marine coelenterates as an external skeleton, typically forming large reefs in warm seas
	Dynamite fishing causes coral reef destruction.
2.　significant	/sig-NIF-i-kuhnt/
	-important and deserving of attention
	In business, significant clients must be prioritized.
3.　habitat	/HAB-i-tat/
	-the natural environment of an organism
	Wild animals should not be taken from their natural habitats.
4.　emit	/ih-MIT/
	-to send forth (liquid, light, heat, sound, particles, etc.); discharge
	This contraption emits a distinct sound.
5.　detrimental	/de-truh-MEN-tl/
	-causing detriment, as loss or injury; damaging; harmful
	Cigarette smoking is detrimental to human health.

PART B_1

Let’s read the article. Please read it aloud, and I will check your pronunciation and intonation.

PART B_2

Researchers attract fish back to dead corals with sounds

After a successful experiment, a group of scientists states that it is possible to call fish back to dead coral reefs by playing sounds underwater with a speaker.

Initially, they discovered that fish are likely to return after hearing the sounds of a healthy coral which is significantly loud as It is composed of various sounds produced by sea creatures. When looking for habitat, fish usually look for those kinds of sounds.

Human-caused pollution induces coral damage which makes reefs to be substantially quiet. In addition, dead corals emit unpleasant smells which dispel fish and other creatures underwater.

According to a fish biologist, Mark Meekan, having fish come back to the damaged reefs is the first step in reviving the current condition of the coral reef ecosystem.

While underwater sounds can alleviate reef damage, scientists believe that other major detrimental factors such as overfishing, pollution, and climate change should also be solved.

PART C_1

Let’s answer comprehension questions. Please answer them based on the article.

PART C_2

1.	How did the scientists call fish back to damaged corals?
2.	How does a healthy coral sound?
3.	What other factors cause coral reef damage?

PART D_1

Let’s discuss the article. Please answer the questions below and express your opinions.

PART D_2

1.	What can you say about the method scientists used to save damaged corals?
2.	Do you agree that reviving coral reef health is essential to marine life?
3.	In your opinion, what other factors contribute to coral reef destruction?
4.	In what ways can you help alleviate environmental problems?
5.	Who do you think should be responsible for protecting the environment?

REVIEW AND FEEDBACK

Now, let us review the things that you learned in this lesson.

ではこのレッスンで学んだことを振り返りましょう。

(Please give a short feedback on how your student did on your class.)

	Grammar 文法	Pronunciation 発音	Vocabulary 単語	Comprehension 理解
GOOD	文法の誤りはほとんどなく、完全な文章で話すことができる	ほとんどの単語をはっきりと正しく発音することができる	習った表現を適切に使うことができる	文章を理解し、質問に正しく答えることができる
FAIR	文法の誤りはあるが、完全な文章で話すことができる	発音の練習が必要な言葉がいくつかある	たまにミスはあるが、習った表現を適切に使うことができる	文章を完全に理解するのは難しく、質問に正しく答えられないときもある
POOR	文章で話すのは難しく、単語だけで話すことができる	発音の練習が必要である	習った単語と表現を少しだけ使うことができる	文章を理解するのは難しく、質問に答えるのは難しい

TUTOR FEEDBACK

GRAMMAR
Good:	Was able to speak in complete sentences with minimal grammatical errors.
Fair:	Was able to speak in complete sentences with evident grammatical errors.
Poor:	Was able to speak using words only.
PRONUNCIATION
Good:	Was able to pronounce most of the words clearly and correctly.
Fair:	Mispronounced a few words.
Poor:	Mispronounced most of the words.
VOCABULARY
Good:	Used appropriate expressions learned in class.
Fair:	Used appropriate expressions learned in class and made a few errors in word choice.
Poor:	Used only a few words and expressions.
COMPREHENSION
Good:	Was able to understand the passages and answer the questions correctly.
Fair:	Had a little difficulty in understanding passages and answering questions.
Poor:	Had a hard time understanding passages and answering questions.

Parts of this lesson material are based on:
An article by Voice of America