Nowadays, the human population is rapidly increasing. According to the United Nations Population Fund, the total population is likely to reach 14 billion by the end of the next century unless the use of birth control will increase around the world in the next two decades. Another reason for the population increase is the decrease in death rates while birth rates remain the same. Although it is positive evidence of improvement in public health and food production, it is still associated with some problems.

The population increase is related to poverty, especially in the world’s poorest countries. Overpopulation in an area means less employment and education opportunities, lack of adequate food, water, and shelter for the whole community. It is important to control the human population in the poorest countries to ensure a good quality of life for its people. The government plays an important role in educating people about proper family planning and birth control. By teaching people about proper family planning, the population increase can be controlled to ensure a better life for future generations.

Poverty is one of the worst problems in the world these days. It is important to identify its cause by getting information about the poor population’s characteristics. One of the most valuable information is their employment status. Nowadays, there are people who are employed but still live in poverty. They are also known as the working poor who are characterized by their low income and poor working conditions. On the other hand, unemployed people who live in poverty lack employment opportunities and social protection.

In 2018, 8 percent of the employed people in the world have been living in poverty, so the relationship between employment and defeating poverty is not as effective as it should be. The increasing number of the working poor population indicates a need to improve the quality of jobs and working environment for all workers. Employment should be a way to raise people out of poverty, but adequate income, safe working environment, job security, and equal job opportunities should also be considered to achieve the main goal of defeating poverty in the world.

Conflicts in some of the Middle East countries have been forcing millions of people to leave their homes over the past years. These people are called refugees. They have been forced to flee their countries and cross borders to seek safety. There are 60 million refugees worldwide, 40 percent of them originated from the Arab region mainly in Syria.

Since the civil war in Syria began in the year 2011, many families have suffered from violent conflict. As a result, many Syrians had fled to bordering countries like Jordan and Lebanon. As the number of refugees increases, the demand for assistance has also been increasing. Because of that, a lot of non-governmental organizations such as the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has been providing assistance to them. They donate food, clothing, medicines, and other basic items needed for everyday survival. However, a lot of NGOs are still unable to access most areas that are affected by the conflict. Despite these problems, they are still constantly making great efforts to help the refugees.

Agriculture is the practice of farming to produce food by growing plants and crops. It is also a process of raising animals for food. This also includes fish farming. There are two types of farming, subsistence and commercial farming. Subsistence farming refers to those farmers who have limited resources to produce food. While commercial farming usually has many resources such as fields and animals. They are usually owned by big corporations.

In Japan, 40 percent of land that is suitable for food production is provided for rice farming which is the most important crop in the country. While in the Philippines, its major agricultural products are rice, coconuts, and corn.

Agriculture is necessary for every country. However, not all countries are self-sufficient when it comes to agricultural products. For instance, France is the only country in Europe that can produce food independently. Because of that, agriculture has been important in globalization. Many agricultural countries have been exporting products to those countries who are not dependent enough on food production.

Peace is defined as the absence of war, violence, and arguments. The presence of peace in a community reflects how people work well together to solve conflicts without violence.

There are two types of peace. The first type is negative peace which is defined as the absence of direct verbal, physical, and psychological violence between people or groups. One of the best examples of negative peace is the ending of a war. To achieve negative peace, people should focus on managing conflicts between people or groups to avoid further damage caused by the violent situation. The second type is positive peace. This type of peace is full of positive contents such as maintaining good relationships to avoid future conflicts, providing equal rights and opportunities for people, and fair distribution of resources to support basic human needs. Patience is needed for peace to be established in a society. By maintaining a peaceful environment, the society can work together positively to achieve their goals.

Land is the part of the Earth that is not covered by water. It is where humans get most of the natural resources that are needed for human activities. Some of the examples of land resources are minerals and forest products. Land allows people to grow and produce food. It is also where people construct houses and buildings. This is also home to various animals in the world.

However, over the past years, human activities have been greatly affecting land resources. Irresponsible use of land resources has been the main cause of the decline in available resources. Humans use too many resources without considering its consequences. That is why the government and some organizations are educating people on how to protect and save land resources.

There are many natural resources from the sea that benefit people. They provide food and medicines. However, the sea is currently at risk of running out of natural resources. One example is overfishing. If people keep on overfishing, the fish population will continue to decrease because people will catch them faster than fish can produce more of their kind. Some fishermen put large weighted nets across the sea floor to catch fish. This method of fishing usually destroys the natural environment at the bottom of the sea. Because of this, there are some areas in the world that provide laws to protect the sea floor from any damages.

The sea also provides non-living resources such as minerals, natural gas, and oil which could be obtained by drilling into the sea floor. However, drilling into the sea floor can make the sea at risk of oil spills. To prevent this, researchers are now starting to look for other ways to use less oil and save the sea so that more people will benefit from it.

The effects of climate change continue to manifest these days. According to scientists, the Earth’s temperature will continue to rise from -16 to -12 degrees Celsius over the next century because of the heat-trapping gases made by human activities.

In the third and fourth National Climate Assessment report, scientists were able to find the harmful effects of climate change. As the temperature rises, there will be more changes in climate patterns such as frequent and longer rainy days in winter and spring. The temperature in summer will increase and last for weeks making the lands dry. The increased temperature will also cause ice to melt in the Arctic regions and cause the sea level to rise.

To control the effects of climate change, experts are now working on reducing the level of heat-trapping gases on Earth by reducing fuel burning. Also, many countries are getting ready for climate change by planning and building systems such as flood defenses. Together, people will be able to deal with the effects of climate change to provide a better life for future generations.

The use of natural resources has been increasing over the past years. This has contributed a lot to air, water, and soil pollution especially in Asian countries. Because of that, a lot of countries have been supporting and promoting sustainable production.

Sustainable production promotes the creation of goods and services in a non-polluting way by limiting the use of natural resources and toxic materials that are harmful to people and the environment. Basically, it aims to “do more and better with less”. It is also about providing access to basic services, decent jobs, and improving the quality of life. Sustainable production must also be safe for workers, consumers, and communities. This benefits the environment, workers, communities, and the likes in the long run. This could also increase production without putting the environment and people at risk. It is also a way to save the Earth for the future generation.