英会話コラム購入したいものを注文する（place an order）ことを「発注」と言います。注文を受けた側は「受注」と言います。発注と受注は商品・製品だけでなく、工事・建築から調査・研究に至るあらゆる仕事上の取引関係に使われる用語です。商品・製品の場合、発注する側は「何を」「 どのくらい」「 いつまでに」「 いくらで」といった条件を明確にして、発注書（purchase order）を取引先に送ります。その発注書を受け取った取引先＝受注者は条件を満たす品物を準備し、期日に到着するよう発送し、その旨を連絡します。テストでは、この受注・発注に関する会話、文書がよく出題されるので、関連する語句をしっかり覚えましょう。
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【まとめ】ビジネス英語表現の記事一覧 |
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【TOEICビジネス問題対策】契約書・請求書の問題2
「契約書・請求書」に関する問題を解いてみましょう。
問題 2
BRADFORD AND SONS
294 Roosevelt Avenue
Coopersville, WY 82060
Invoice #29496
Date: August 21
Client: Robertson Dental Clinic
4127 6th Avenue S.E.
Coopersville, WY 82059
List of services:
| August 5 | General lawn maintenance (mowing, fertilizing) | $ 250.00 | |
| 〃 | Pruning and fertilizing of existing flower beds | $ 215.00 | |
| August 6 | Design and installation of rear garden | $1,750.00 | |
| Subtotal: | $2,215.00 | ||
| Tax (5.28%): | $116.95 | ||
| Amount due: | $2,331.95 |
Pay no later than: August 30*
* Please pay promptly. A late charge of 5% will be added to the amount due if payment is not received by this date.
【TOEICビジネス問題対策】契約書・請求書の問題1
「契約書・請求書」に関する問題を解いてみましょう。
問題 1
TO: Morris Santini
FROM: Chie Minami
DATE: October 17
SUBJECT: Contract
Thank you for sending the contract for the Jones account. However, the copy I received did not include the revision I requested concerning the delivery deadline. In case there is a misunderstanding, I would like to make it clear in this e-mail that the initial delivery date of January 10 was changed to January 5 during our final negotiations on October 12. As far as I can see, this is the only revision that needs to be made to conclude the agreement, and hereby request that you send us a new contract with the correct delivery deadline. We will sign and return the contract as soon as we receive the amended version from you.
【TOEICビジネス問題対策】契約書・請求書
企業間で取引を始めるにあたっては、取引内容、納期、予算、支払い日などを明記した契約書を交わします。まず、草案（draft）と呼ばれる原案を作り、それに何度か修正を加えて最終版を作成します。この最終版は2 部用意し、契約を結ぶ両企業の代表者の署名を入れ、それぞれが1部ずつ保管します。
請求書は、取引先に納めた品物やサービスの代金を請求するための書類で、請求対象となる品名、個数、単価などの明細と、手数料、消費税などを加えた請求総額を記載します。テストでは、契約書や請求書の修正や誤りの指摘に関するやりとりが出題されるので、関連語句を覚えましょう。
【TOEICビジネス問題対策】在庫の問題2
「在庫」に関する問題を解いてみましょう。
問題 2
July 17
Ms. Patricia Sinclair
254 Interlaken Avenue
Seattle, WA 98203
Dear Ms. Sinclair:
Thank you for your order of July 14. Of the three items you ordered, the two-drawer file cabinet (Item # 34-210) and handy desk vacuum (Item # 5202) were shipped on July 15. However, the miniature easel (Item # 4277) is currently out of stock. We have contacted the manufacturer to back-order and have been told that the item will become available around the end of this month. Would you like to wait? Or would you like to cancel your order for this item? We charge credit cards or issue invoices only when items are shipped, so you have not been charged for the easel.
Please let us know what you would like us to do. We sincerely appreciate your patience and look forward to hearing from you.
Noel Mitchell
Customer Service
Sunshine Offices
【TOEICビジネス問題対策】在庫の問題1
「在庫」に関する問題を解いてみましょう。
問題 1
To: All store staff
From: Adriana Loris, Store Manager
Date: December 8
Subject: Clearance sale
Now that our year-end inventory is complete, we’re ready for our annual clearance sale. The sale will run for a week from Sunday. There is a considerable amount of surplus stock of the SnoWiz line of ski wear—everything in the line will be sold for half price except for the after-ski boots which will be marked down 30%. The winter sports season is still in full swing and all of you are encouraged to recommend the line to customers during the sale so we can clear as much stock as possible while the sale is on. Sale prices for other merchandise will vary with some items going for as low as 70% off. As usual, sunscreens and cosmetics will not be discounted.
【TOEICビジネス問題対策】在庫
企業や店舗が、販売目的で社内に抱えている品物を在庫と言います。英語ではstockとinventoryが「在庫」にあたりますが、stockは製品になっているものの在庫を指し、inventoryは製品だけでなく、まだ製品になっていない原材料の在庫も含めた全在庫を指します。「在庫一掃セール」は、売れ残った在庫品を安価で販売し、売上に結びつけるために行われます。大量の在庫は経営上のマイナス要因になりますが、在庫が不足していると客に迷惑をかけたり、品切れで販売チャンスを失ってしまったりすることになります。テストには在庫に関する詳細な話題は出題されませんが、stockやinventoryに関連した会話や文書はよく出題されます。
【TOEICビジネス問題対策】多義語の意味をゲット！ issue
テストによく出る多義語の意味をまとめて覚えましょう。
今回はissueです。
【TOEICビジネス問題対策】企業の寄付活動の問題2
「企業の寄付活動」に関する問題を解いてみましょう。
問題 2
MEMO
To: All staff
From: Bruno Smith
Subject: Walk for Pets
Date: April 20
This is to let you know that the annual Walk for Pets will be held on May 15 from 8:30 A.M. to 3 P.M. at Oceanview Park. In addition to the usual adult walk, there will be a half-mile mini walk for 5 to 12-year-olds. Entry in the adult walk is $30 per person and $50 dollars per couple; entry in the miniwalk is $10 per child. We will have a barbecue at the park after the walk. Food will be provided but everyone is requested to bring drinks.
Half of the proceeds from the event will go toward Home for Pets, a foster home facility for abandoned pets, and the remainder will be divided among various animal welfare associations. Everyone, come out and walk for the welfare of our furry friends!
【TOEICビジネス問題対策】企業の寄付活動の問題1
「企業の寄付活動」に関する問題を解いてみましょう。
問題 1
INGLIS MUSEUM
Perth WA
Mr. Jonathan Watford
Commonwealth Industries
17 Bridge Street, West Perth WA
January 15
Dear Mr. Watford,
Thank you for your company’s ongoing support of Inglis Museum. It is only through the aid of corporate donors such as yourself that we are able to continue to serve the city of Perth as an art organization.
It is once again time for our annual fund drive. This year’s contributions will mainly go toward repair costs of the Patrona Wing that was badly damaged in December’s storm.
To make a contribution, please fill out the enclosed form and send it to the museum accompanied by a check. As a patron of the museum, all Commonwealth Industries employees will be entitled to half off on admission fees.
Very truly yours,
Gayle Meisner
Curator
Inglis Museum
【TOEICビジネス問題対策】企業の寄付活動
欧米の企業は、芸術関連団体や慈善団体、非営利組織への支援や寄付を、日本の企業よりも活発に行います。特に公共意識の高いアメリカでは、企業だけでなく、富裕層などが進んで寄付活動を行います。世界有数の大企業では単発的な寄付ではなく、「基金」を作り、医療、教育などの支援に当てています。テストでは、大口の寄付（generous donation）をした人へ賛辞を贈るスピーチや、図書館、博物館、研究機関などが地元の有力企業に寄付金のお願いをする文書などが出題されるので、関連語句を覚えて、日本ではそれほど身近ではないこの分野に関する出題に強くなりましょう。
【TOEICビジネス問題対策】雇用・勤務形態の問題2
「雇用・勤務形態」に関する問題を解いてみましょう。
問題 2
MEMORANDUM
From: Grace Townsend, Supervisor
To: All Townsend factory staff
Date: February 10
Re: Change in shift hours
In compliance with new company policy set forth to foster a better working environment, factory shift hours will be changed on an experimental basis for six months starting March 15. The morning shift will be moved up one hour to begin at 8 A.M. and end at 4 P.M., the day shift will be from 4 P.M. to 12 A.M., and the night shift will be from 12 A.M. to 8 A.M. Although the beginning and ending times of shifts will change, actual hours worked will remain the same, which means that wages will not be affected. If you have any questions regarding these changes, feel free to contact me at any time.
【TOEICビジネス問題対策】雇用・勤務形態の問題1
「雇用・勤務形態」に関する問題を解いてみましょう。
問題 1
NOTICE
OFFER OF FULL-TIME EMPLOYMENT
Become a permanent member of the Fashion Outlet family! The Fashion Outlet stores located downtown and in Mega Mall are looking to fill five full-time positions. We are giving priority to those of you currently working as summer part-time employees. Becoming a full-time employee of Fashion Outlet means you will receive a pay raise as well as be eligible for all company benefits. You will be required to sign a full-time employment agreement with us after which you will no longer be free to engage in other employment. If you are interested in joining the Fashion Outlet family on a full-time basis, contact me at lchang@fashionoutlet.com by August 20, and I will give you the application details.
Lola Chang
Manager, Fashion Outlet, Mega Mall
【TOEICビジネス問題対策】雇用・勤務形態
会社員には、正社員、パート・アルバイト、契約社員などの雇用形態（employment status）があります。企業は必要に応じて各雇用形態の人員を募集・採用し、雇用契約を結びます。雇用形態によって、業務内容、賃金や就業時間、雇用期間、福利厚生の適用範囲などが異なります。一方、勤務形態には日勤、夜勤、非常勤などがありますが、特に病院や工場など24時間体制で業務を行わなければならないところでは、勤務時間帯を区切って人員を入れ換えて働くシフト制を採用する場合がほとんどです。テストでは、こうした形態に関する語句が使われることが多いので、この項で関連語句をしっかり覚えましょう。
【TOEICビジネス問題対策】求人の問題3
「求人」に関する問題を解いてみましょう。
問題 3
Ms. Julie Marshall
429 Forest Way
Springfield, MA 01107
Dear Ms. Marshall,
As director of Human Resources at Mobile Solutions Inc., I am happy to confirm that you have been hired for full-time employment as a customer service representative. Your employment begins on Monday, June 9. Please report to my office at 9 A.M. so we can go over your starting salary, vacation time and benefits package.
As a new employee, you will be required to take part in a three-week orientation program, which is to begin on Tuesday, June 10. The first week of orientation helps all new hires become acquainted with company procedures and policies. During the remaining two weeks of orientation, you will receive training specific to your work in customer service.
We look forward to working with you here at Mobile Solutions.
Sincerely,
George Jacobs
Director, Human Resources
Mobile Solutions Inc.
【TOEICビジネス問題対策】求人の問題2
「求人」に関する問題を解いてみましょう。
問題 2
To: Mr. James Finley
From: Sue Patterson, Melodia Industries
Date: March 18
Subject: Change in interview date
Thank you for your recent application for the position of sales representative for Melodia Industries. I am writing to inform you that the head of Sales, Don Richman, who was scheduled to conduct the interview, has suddenly been called away on family business. Unfortunately, your interview scheduled for tomorrow at 10 A.M. will have to be rescheduled. The new date is next Wednesday, March 26 at 2 P.M. Could you kindly let me know if you can make it? If not, the day cannot be changed, but we can switch your appointment with one of the other candidates who have interviews scheduled for the morning of the 26th. We regret the inconvenience and look forward to meeting with you.
【TOEICビジネス問題対策】求人の問題1
「求人」に関する問題を解いてみましょう。
＊ 問題 1は2文書問題でQuestion AとQuestion Bがあります。
問題 1
Junior Market Analyst Wanted
• A market research firm in Singapore seeks a junior market analyst in a part-time capacity to start on January 1. In addition to general market analysis tasks, the junior market analyst will be expected to assist senior analysts in preparing client presentations.
• A math or sociology degree and a minimum of two years of experience as a junior market analyst is required. It is also necessary to have excellent verbal and written communication skills. Proficiency in Mandarin is preferred.
• Tentative work hours will be 9:00 A.M. to 3:00 P.M. on Mondays and Tuesdays, and 1:00 P.M. to 5:00 P.M. on Fridays. Hours may be increased during peak periods.
• Interested individuals should send an e-mail accompanied by a résumé and at least two professional references to Misa Takahama of Singh Financial Services at mtakahama@singhfs.com by December 5. Salary information will be provided upon receipt of the résumé and references.
【TOEICビジネス問題対策】求人
企業は優秀な人材を求めて求人を行います。求人の流れとしては、まず人事部が求人広告を出して希望者を募集します。新卒者対象の求人のほか、即戦力を求める中途採用があります。そして、書類審査や面接（interview）などの選考を行い、会社に必要だと判断した応募者を採用します。日本も欧米もこの流れはほぼ同じですが、欧米の書類審査では、履歴書（résumé）のほか、履歴書に添えるカバーレター（cover letter）という書類や、身元紹介先（reference）の情報が重要視されます。テストでは、希望者を募る広告や、選考方法や手順に関するメールなどがよく出題されるので、関連語句をしっかり覚えましょう。
【TOEICビジネス問題対策】昇進・人事異動の問題2
「昇進・人事異動」に関する問題を解いてみましょう。
問題 2
EMPLOYEE OF THE YEAR—Glenn Stacey is the recipient of this year’s award. Glenn’s hard work as assistant manager of Human Resources came to the attention of the Employee of the Year selection committee when several of his coworkers from HR and those from other departments nominated him. Glenn has been dedicating himself to creating the ideal work environment for Parsons Inc. employees. He initiated the highly successful in-house day-care and workspace sharing programs last year, and is currently working on a unique curriculum to reduce stress in the workplace. Glenn’s determination and hard work will be recognized at the company Christmas party on December 20.
【TOEICビジネス問題対策】昇進・人事異動の問題1
「昇進・人事異動」に関する問題を解いてみましょう。
問題 1
MEMO
To: All Staff
Phil Powers of Engineering got his transfer order late last week and will be transferred to the Dunkirk factory at the end of next month. If there were a Who’s Who for our headquarters here in Summerville, Phil would certainly be in it. He has been a mentor to many of us during his eight years here. For those of us who had him as our supervisor, he always shared his expert knowledge gladly and delighted us with his sense of humor. We’re having a good-bye party for Phil on Friday, November 13. May Honda, who will be taking Phil’s place, is organizing the party. Please call her at extension 2030 by November 5 if you’d like to join in Phil’s send-off.
