All posts by weblio PH

Conversation(Beginner Chapter 1)|日常会話(初級1章)
Lesson16: After work 仕事の後

PART A_1
Let’s learn new vocabulary. Listen and repeat these words with your tutor.
PART A_2
1. road trip 車でする長旅、ロードトリップ
2. apply 応募
3. immediately 直ちに
PART B_1
Let’s learn today’s phrases. Read the sentences below.
PART B_2
When do you visit your grandparents?
I always visit my grandparents after work.
PART C_1
Let’s read the dialogue. I will play Ron and you will play Emma. Then, we’ll switch roles.
PART C_2

Hi, Emma! How’s work going?
Everything is great, Ron.

That’s good to hear! When is your free time to catch up with our friends?
Tonight after work would be nice, Ron.

That’s great! How about for the coming summer, when do you plan on joining us for a vacation?
I think the second week of April would be okay.

Perfect! I will tell this to our friends as soon as possible.
Thanks, Ron. I’m excited!
PART D_1
Let’s read the dialogue. Read aloud, filling in the blanks as you remember the sentence you just read.
PART D_2

Hi, Emma! How’s work going?
Everything is great, Ron.

That’s good to hear! _______________ to catch up with our friends?
Tonight after work would be nice, Ron.

That’s great! How about for the coming summer, ______________ vacation?
I think the second week of April would be okay.

Perfect! I will tell this to our friends as soon as possible.
Thanks, Ron. I’m excited!


PART E_1
Fill in the blanks and complete the conversation.
PART E_2
1. A: _____ do you brush your teeth?
B: I always brush my teeth after every meal.
2. A: When do you spend time with your friends?
B: I always spend time with my friends _______ our club activities.
3. A: When did you get ______________?
B: I got my new phone last year on my birthday.
4. A: When did Cody apply for college?
B: ______________ after his junior year of high school.
5. A: ___________ going on a road trip?
B: My friends and I are going on a road trip tomorrow.
6. A: When is dad going to the hardware store to buy the tools we need?
B: ______________ next Saturday.
PART F_1
Let’s do a roleplay. Talk with me according to the situation below, using the expressions you just learned.
PART F_2
You are planning to have dinner with friends after work.
PART F_3
REVIEW AND FEEDBACK
Now, let us review the things that you learned in this lesson.
(Please give a short feedback on how your student did on your class.)
Grammar
文法
Pronunciation 発音 Vocabulary
単語
Comprehension
理解
GOOD 文法の誤りはほとんどなく、完全な文章で話すことができる ほとんどの単語をはっきりと正しく発音することができる 習った表現を適切に使うことができる 文章を理解し、質問に正しく答えることができる

FAIR
文法の誤りはあるが、完全な文章で話すことができる 発音の練習が必要な言葉がいくつかある たまにミスはあるが、習った表現を適切に使うことができる 文章を完全に理解するのは難しく、質問に正しく答えられないときもある

POOR
文章で話すのは難しく、単語だけで話すことができる 発音の練習が必要である 習った単語と表現を少しだけ使うことができる 文章を理解するのは難しく、質問に答えるのは難しい
TUTOR FEEDBACK

GRAMMAR
Good: Was able to speak in complete sentences with minimal grammatical errors.
Fair: Was able to speak in complete sentences with evident grammatical errors.
Poor: Was able to speak using words only.
PRONUNCIATION
Good: Was able to pronounce most of the words clearly and correctly.
Fair: Mispronounced a few words.
Poor: Mispronounced most of the words.
VOCABULARY
Good: Used appropriate expressions learned in class.
Fair: Used appropriate expressions learned in class and made a few errors in word choice.
Poor: Used only a few words and expressions.
COMPREHENSION
Good: Was able to understand the passages and answer the questions correctly.
Fair: Had a little difficulty in understanding passages and answering questions.
Poor: Had a hard time understanding passages and answering questions.

Conversation(Beginner Chapter 1)|日常会話(初級1章)
Lesson21: Favorite celebrity 好きな芸能人

PART A_1
Let’s learn new vocabulary. Listen and repeat these words with your tutor.
PART A_2
1. pull off 引っぱって取る、見事にやってのける
2. director 指導者、映画監督
3. celebrity 有名人
PART B_1
Let’s learn today’s phrases. Read the sentences below.
PART B_2
Who are your favorite celebrities?
My favorite celebrities are Andrew Garfiled and Robert Downey, Jr.
PART C_1
Let’s read the dialogue. I will play Ron and you will play Emma. Then, we’ll switch roles.
PART C_2

Hi, Emma! Have you watched Avengers: Endgame?
No, I haven’t. How about you, Ron?

Yes, I have. The visual effects are amazing.
Who are your favorite actor and actress in that movie?

My favorite actor and actress are Chris Hemsworth and Brie Larson.
I heard they really pulled off a brilliant movie. Anyway, who are
the directors of the film?

The directors are Joe Russo and Anthony Russo.
I hope I watch it this week! Thanks for sharing about it.

PART D_1
Let’s read the dialogue. Read aloud, filling in the blanks as you remember the sentence you just read.
PART D_2

Hi, Emma! Have you watched Avengers: Endgame?
No, I haven’t. How about you, Ron?

Yes, I have. The visual effects are amazing.
________________ in that movie?

My ______________ are Chris Hemsworth and Brie Larson.
I heard they really pulled off a brilliant movie. Anyway, who are
the directors of the film?

_____________ Joe Russo and Anthony Russo.
I hope I watch it this week! Thanks for sharing about it.

PART E_1
Fill in the blanks and complete the conversation.
PART E_2
1. A: Who are the characters in the story?
B: __________ are Peter and Mary Jane.
2. A: _________________ of the program?
B: The hosts of the program are Michael and Charlotte.
3. A: Who were the visitors who came last Sunday?
B: _____________ my old friends.
4. A: _________________ in the pageant?
B: The contestants in the pageant are Philippines and Japan.
5. A: Who are the members of the English club?
B: __________ Jack and Emily.
6. A: _________________ of the contest?
B: The participants of the contest are Haruka and Yoko.
PART F_1
Let’s do a roleplay. Talk with me according to the situation below, using the expressions you just learned.
PART F_2
You are talking with your friend about a recent movie. Ask who his/her favorite actor and/or actress is/are.
PART F_3
REVIEW AND FEEDBACK
Now, let us review the things that you learned in this lesson.
(Please give a short feedback on how your student did on your class.)
Grammar
文法
Pronunciation 発音 Vocabulary
単語
Comprehension
理解
GOOD 文法の誤りはほとんどなく、完全な文章で話すことができる ほとんどの単語をはっきりと正しく発音することができる 習った表現を適切に使うことができる 文章を理解し、質問に正しく答えることができる

FAIR
文法の誤りはあるが、完全な文章で話すことができる 発音の練習が必要な言葉がいくつかある たまにミスはあるが、習った表現を適切に使うことができる 文章を完全に理解するのは難しく、質問に正しく答えられないときもある

POOR
文章で話すのは難しく、単語だけで話すことができる 発音の練習が必要である 習った単語と表現を少しだけ使うことができる 文章を理解するのは難しく、質問に答えるのは難しい
TUTOR FEEDBACK

GRAMMAR
Good: Was able to speak in complete sentences with minimal grammatical errors.
Fair: Was able to speak in complete sentences with evident grammatical errors.
Poor: Was able to speak using words only.
PRONUNCIATION
Good: Was able to pronounce most of the words clearly and correctly.
Fair: Mispronounced a few words.
Poor: Mispronounced most of the words.
VOCABULARY
Good: Used appropriate expressions learned in class.
Fair: Used appropriate expressions learned in class and made a few errors in word choice.
Poor: Used only a few words and expressions.
COMPREHENSION
Good: Was able to understand the passages and answer the questions correctly.
Fair: Had a little difficulty in understanding passages and answering questions.
Poor: Had a hard time understanding passages and answering questions.

Column Discussion (Expert)|コラムディスカッション(上級)
Lesson79 : Eating More Plant Protein May Help You Live Longer

PART A_1
Let’s learn vocabulary. Listen and repeat the words and the sentences with your tutor.
PART A_2
1. conclude /kon-KLUD/
  -to decide something after studying all the information about it very carefully
  With all the facts given, the judge was able to conclude that the accused is guilty.
2. obtain /ob-TEYN/
  -to get something
  She is studying well to obtain high grades this semester.
3. consume /kon-SUM/
  -to eat or drink something
  Consuming a lot of junk food is harmful to one’s health.
4. protein /PROW-tin/
  -food such as meat, cheese, fish, or eggs that is necessary for the body to grow and be strong
  Meat products are known to be rich in protein.
5. conduct /kuhn-DUHKT/
  -to organize and perform a particular activity
  We are conducting a survey to find out what our customers think of our restaurant.
PART B_1
Let’s read the article. Please read it aloud, and I will check your pronunciation and intonation.
PART B_2
Eating More Plant Protein May Help You Live Longer
In a Japanese study, researchers concluded that eating more plant protein helps one to live longer compared to obtaining protein needs from meat. The study
followed 71,000 middle-aged persons for about 20 years. A comparison was made between those who eat the smallest amount of plant protein as those who consume the largest amount of plant protein. The study showed that the people who eat more plant protein are 13 percent less likely to die. Frank Hu, nutrition department head at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health in Boston, Massachusetts, also said that meat protein is usually linked with chronic diseases and death and that plant protein comes with lower health risks. In the study, around 12,000 people have died due to various diseases. Hu was not part of the research conducted but was able to say that eating more plant protein food is really good for the health as it also contains other beneficial nutrients. Also, the study conducted has its limitations because the diets of participants were only considered once. This is not conclusive as these
people may have changed their diet over time.
PART C_1
Let’s answer comprehension questions. Please answer them based on the article.
PART C_2
1. What were the researchers able to conclude about eating plant protein?
2. What is the link between eating plant protein and good health?
3. Why is it good to eat plant protein?
PART D_1
Let’s discuss the article. Please answer the questions below and express your opinions.
PART D_2
1. Do you think there is an established connection between plant protein and good health?
2. What can you say about the finding that plant protein is better than meat protein?
3. Do you agree with the result of the study? Why or why not?
4. Do you prefer eating meat to vegetables? Why or why not?
5. Do you include plant protein in your diet? Why or why not?
REVIEW AND FEEDBACK
Now, let us review the things that you learned in this lesson.
(Please give a short feedback on how your student did in your class.)
Grammar
文法
Pronunciation 発音 Vocabulary
単語
Comprehension
理解
GOOD 文法の誤りはほとんどなく、完全な文章で話すことができる ほとんどの単語をはっきりと正しく発音することができる 習った表現を適切に使うことができる 文章を理解し、質問に正しく答えることができる

FAIR
文法の誤りはあるが、完全な文章で話すことができる 発音の練習が必要な言葉がいくつかある たまにミスはあるが、習った表現を適切に使うことができる 文章を完全に理解するのは難しく、質問に正しく答えられないときもある

POOR
文章で話すのは難しく、単語だけで話すことができる 発音の練習が必要である 習った単語と表現を少しだけ使うことができる 文章を理解するのは難しく、質問に答えるのは難しい
TUTOR FEEDBACK

GRAMMAR
Good: Was able to speak in complete sentences with minimal grammatical errors.
Fair: Was able to speak in complete sentences with evident grammatical errors.
Poor: Was able to speak using words only.
PRONUNCIATION
Good: Was able to pronounce most of the words clearly and correctly.
Fair: Mispronounced a few words.
Poor: Mispronounced most of the words.
VOCABULARY
Good: Used appropriate expressions learned in class.
Fair: Used appropriate expressions learned in class and made a few errors in word choice.
Poor: Used only a few words and expressions.
COMPREHENSION
Good: Was able to understand the passages and answer the questions correctly.
Fair: Had a little difficulty in understanding passages and answering questions.
Poor: Had a hard time understanding passages and answering questions.

Column Discussion (Expert)|コラムディスカッション(上級)
Lesson78 : Should You Exercise While Sick?

PART A_1
Let’s learn vocabulary. Listen and repeat the words and the sentences with your tutor.
PART A_2
1. deny /di-NAY/
  -to say that something is not true
  We cannot deny the fact that we, humans, are the major contributors to pollution.
2. engage /en-GEYJ/
  -to take part in something
  Old people should engage in physical activities to keep their bodies active.
3. process /PRA-ses/
  -a series of actions that you take in order to achieve a result
  The process of acquiring a visa is very tiring.
4. moderate /MO-de-reyt/
  -average in size or amount and not too much
  Drinking alcohol shall be maintained at a moderate level.
5. cautious /KAW-shuhs/
  -Someone who is cautious avoids risks
  Be cautious! I don’t want you to fall!
PART B_1
Let’s read the article. Please read it aloud, and I will check your pronunciation and intonation.
PART B_2
Should You Exercise While Sick?
“People cannot deny that exercise is good for our health. Doctors suggest that a human body should be engaged in a medium physical activity for at least 150 minutes every week. It is easy to achieve for a lot of people as most have a daily exercise routine. But during times when one is sick, should he/she continue engaging in physical exercise? Does exercising help the person recover easier or will it delay the healing process? Health expert Dr. Edward R. Laskowski says that mild to moderate exercise is actually beneficial with common holds as it helps open nasal passages allowing the person to breathe more easily. Geralyn Coopersmith, a physical fitness trainer, says that as a general rule it is okay to work out if it is just some cold and the person does not feel sick. Both Laskowski and Coopersmith say that one should be more cautious when the pain is experienced below the neck. Other signs include a higher-than-normal body temperature, fatigue, widespread muscle pain, and tightness in the chest. Experts say that taking a break while sick will not affect one’s performance as he/ she can always go back to his/ her normal routine once he/ she is feeling better.”
PART C_1
Let’s answer comprehension questions. Please answer them based on the article.
PART C_2
1. What is the general rule when it comes to exercising when sick?
2. What kind of physical activities should one engage in when sick?
3. What are the signs which indicate that a sick person should refrain from exercising?
PART D_1
Let’s discuss the article. Please answer the questions below and express your opinions.
PART D_2
1. Do you personally exercise when you are sick?
2. How do you determine when you should be resting or engaging in physical activities?
3. In your opinion, should one just continue resting while being sick?
4. Why do you think people choose to exercise every other day?
5. What other things can a person do to recover easily?
REVIEW AND FEEDBACK
Now, let us review the things that you learned in this lesson.
(Please give a short feedback on how your student did in your class.)
Grammar
文法
Pronunciation 発音 Vocabulary
単語
Comprehension
理解
GOOD 文法の誤りはほとんどなく、完全な文章で話すことができる ほとんどの単語をはっきりと正しく発音することができる 習った表現を適切に使うことができる 文章を理解し、質問に正しく答えることができる

FAIR
文法の誤りはあるが、完全な文章で話すことができる 発音の練習が必要な言葉がいくつかある たまにミスはあるが、習った表現を適切に使うことができる 文章を完全に理解するのは難しく、質問に正しく答えられないときもある

POOR
文章で話すのは難しく、単語だけで話すことができる 発音の練習が必要である 習った単語と表現を少しだけ使うことができる 文章を理解するのは難しく、質問に答えるのは難しい
TUTOR FEEDBACK

GRAMMAR
Good: Was able to speak in complete sentences with minimal grammatical errors.
Fair: Was able to speak in complete sentences with evident grammatical errors.
Poor: Was able to speak using words only.
PRONUNCIATION
Good: Was able to pronounce most of the words clearly and correctly.
Fair: Mispronounced a few words.
Poor: Mispronounced most of the words.
VOCABULARY
Good: Used appropriate expressions learned in class.
Fair: Used appropriate expressions learned in class and made a few errors in word choice.
Poor: Used only a few words and expressions.
COMPREHENSION
Good: Was able to understand the passages and answer the questions correctly.
Fair: Had a little difficulty in understanding passages and answering questions.
Poor: Had a hard time understanding passages and answering questions.

Column Discussion (Expert)|コラムディスカッション(上級)
Lesson81 : Many People Don’t Know the Dangers of Alcohol

PART A_1
Let’s learn vocabulary. Listen and repeat the words and the sentences with your tutor.
PART A_2
1. classify /KLAS-uh-fahy/
  -to divide things or people into groups according to their type, or to say which group or type something or someone belongs to
  The books in the library are classified according to the subject.
2. cause /kawz/
  -to make something happen, especially something bad
  The weather condition caused several accidents.
3. unaware /uhn-uh-WAIR/
  -not understanding or realizing something
  All this time, I was unaware of the situation.
4. form /fawrm /
  -a type of something
  Swimming is the best form of exercise.
5. risk /risk/
  -the possibility of something bad happening
  In this business, the risks and the rewards are high.
PART B_1
Let’s read the article. Please read it aloud, and I will check your pronunciation and intonation.
PART B_2
Many People Don’t Know the Dangers of Alcohol
Alcoholic beverages have been classified as a Group 1 carcinogen by the World Health Organization (WHO) since 2012. According to WHO researchers, drinking
alcohol can cause at least seven different forms of cancer. However, according to WHO health experts, many people are unaware of the association between alcohol and cancer. They think it is important to warn people that alcohol is a carcinogen that has been linked to an increased risk of cancer. Some scientists are hesitant to suggest a connection between alcohol and cancer. One of them is not Dr. Jernigan. He focuses on one form of cancer in particular: breast cancer. Because of the way alcohol interacts with the female sex hormone estrogen, women are particularly vulnerable. The WHO has urged countries to take concrete steps to curb overall
alcohol consumption. Dr. Jernigan refers to these criteria as the “three A’s”: attractiveness, affordability, and availability. According to him, research indicates that addressing these three A’s will help reduce alcoholism. He claims that if you deal with attractiveness by restricting ads, affordability by dealing with price and raising alcohol taxes regularly, and physical availability by dealing with price and increasing alcohol taxes regularly, it is possible to eliminate alcohol issues. It is not a difficult job.
PART C_1
Let’s answer comprehension questions. Please answer them based on the article.
PART C_2
1. What does WHO stand for?
2. What are the different forms of cancer mentioned?
3. Why is Dr. Jernigan different from other scientists?
PART D_1
Let’s discuss the article. Please answer the questions below and express your opinions.
PART D_2
1. Are you aware of the association between alcohol and cancer? How did you about it?
2. Do you think that the WHO does the best to inform people about this issue?
3. Do you think that addressing these three A’s would be effective? Why or why not?
4. How often do you drink alcohol? Why?
5. What are the benefits of alcohol that you know?
REVIEW AND FEEDBACK
Now, let us review the things that you learned in this lesson.
(Please give a short feedback on how your student did in your class.)
Grammar
文法
Pronunciation 発音 Vocabulary
単語
Comprehension
理解
GOOD 文法の誤りはほとんどなく、完全な文章で話すことができる ほとんどの単語をはっきりと正しく発音することができる 習った表現を適切に使うことができる 文章を理解し、質問に正しく答えることができる

FAIR
文法の誤りはあるが、完全な文章で話すことができる 発音の練習が必要な言葉がいくつかある たまにミスはあるが、習った表現を適切に使うことができる 文章を完全に理解するのは難しく、質問に正しく答えられないときもある

POOR
文章で話すのは難しく、単語だけで話すことができる 発音の練習が必要である 習った単語と表現を少しだけ使うことができる 文章を理解するのは難しく、質問に答えるのは難しい
TUTOR FEEDBACK

GRAMMAR
Good: Was able to speak in complete sentences with minimal grammatical errors.
Fair: Was able to speak in complete sentences with evident grammatical errors.
Poor: Was able to speak using words only.
PRONUNCIATION
Good: Was able to pronounce most of the words clearly and correctly.
Fair: Mispronounced a few words.
Poor: Mispronounced most of the words.
VOCABULARY
Good: Used appropriate expressions learned in class.
Fair: Used appropriate expressions learned in class and made a few errors in word choice.
Poor: Used only a few words and expressions.
COMPREHENSION
Good: Was able to understand the passages and answer the questions correctly.
Fair: Had a little difficulty in understanding passages and answering questions.
Poor: Had a hard time understanding passages and answering questions.

Column Discussion (Expert)|コラムディスカッション(上級)
Lesson80 : Possible to Defeat Malaria, But Probably Not Soon

PART A_1
Let’s learn vocabulary. Listen and repeat the words and the sentences with your tutor.
PART A_2
1. claim /kleym/
  -to say that something is true or is a fact, although you cannot prove it and other people might not believe it
  He claims to have seen the president, but I don’t believe him.
2. eradicate /ih-RAD-i-keyt/
  -to get rid of something completely or destroy something bad
  The government is doing all it can to eradicate corruption.
3. infect /in-FEKT/
  -to pass a disease to a person, animal, or plant
  All the tomato plants in my garden are infected with a virus.
4. eliminate /ih-LIM-uh-neyt/
  -to remove or take away someone or something
  We eliminated the chance that it could have been an accident.
5. launch /lawnch/
  -to begin something such as a plan or introduce something new such as a product
  The program was launched a year ago.
PART B_1
Let’s read the article. Please read it aloud, and I will check your pronunciation and intonation.
PART B_2
WHO: Possible to Defeat Malaria, But Probably Not Soon
“The World Health Organization (WHO) claims that it is possible to eradicate malaria, but this is unlikely to happen using existing methods. In 2017, the disease malaria infected about 219 million people. In that year, 435,000 people died as a result of the epidemic. The vast majority of the victims were babies and children from Africa’s poorest regions. These figures haven’t changed much since 2016. However, the figures are lower than the 2010 figures of 239 million infections and 607,000 deaths. Officials from the World Health Organization have long desired to eliminate malaria. In 1955, the United Nations launched a program to combat the epidemic, but it was halted in the 1960s. Malaria can be effectively treated with a number of medications. In order to control malaria-carrying mosquitoes and infections, sleeping under chemically treated bed nets has proven to be safe. GSK, a pharmaceutical firm, has also developed a malaria vaccine that has shown to be partially effective. Ghana and Malawi are now using the vaccine. However, according to the WHO report, these tools will not be enough to completely eliminate the malaria threat. It calls for further research and development of “transformative technologies and expertise” to combat mosquitoes and produce more effective vaccines and treatments. Sian Clarke is the co-director of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine’s malaria center. Since mosquitoes transmit malaria by infecting people with a parasite, she believes that eradication would be feasible only if there is a sense of urgency.”
PART C_1
Let’s answer comprehension questions. Please answer them based on the article.
PART C_2
1. What does WHO stand for?
2. How many people were infected in 2017?
3. What has been proven to be safe in treating malaria?
PART D_1
Let’s discuss the article. Please answer the questions below and express your opinions.
PART D_2
1. Why do you think the vast majority of victims were babies and children?
2. What do you think was the reason why the United Nations’ program was halted in the 1960s?
3. Do you believe that it is possible to eradicate malaria? Why or why not?
4. Do you think that there will be a malaria vaccine that is 100 percent effective in the future? Why do you think so?
5. Why is a sense of urgency important?.
REVIEW AND FEEDBACK
Now, let us review the things that you learned in this lesson.
(Please give a short feedback on how your student did in your class.)
Grammar
文法
Pronunciation 発音 Vocabulary
単語
Comprehension
理解
GOOD 文法の誤りはほとんどなく、完全な文章で話すことができる ほとんどの単語をはっきりと正しく発音することができる 習った表現を適切に使うことができる 文章を理解し、質問に正しく答えることができる

FAIR
文法の誤りはあるが、完全な文章で話すことができる 発音の練習が必要な言葉がいくつかある たまにミスはあるが、習った表現を適切に使うことができる 文章を完全に理解するのは難しく、質問に正しく答えられないときもある

POOR
文章で話すのは難しく、単語だけで話すことができる 発音の練習が必要である 習った単語と表現を少しだけ使うことができる 文章を理解するのは難しく、質問に答えるのは難しい
TUTOR FEEDBACK

GRAMMAR
Good: Was able to speak in complete sentences with minimal grammatical errors.
Fair: Was able to speak in complete sentences with evident grammatical errors.
Poor: Was able to speak using words only.
PRONUNCIATION
Good: Was able to pronounce most of the words clearly and correctly.
Fair: Mispronounced a few words.
Poor: Mispronounced most of the words.
VOCABULARY
Good: Used appropriate expressions learned in class.
Fair: Used appropriate expressions learned in class and made a few errors in word choice.
Poor: Used only a few words and expressions.
COMPREHENSION
Good: Was able to understand the passages and answer the questions correctly.
Fair: Had a little difficulty in understanding passages and answering questions.
Poor: Had a hard time understanding passages and answering questions.

Column Discussion (Expert)|コラムディスカッション(上級)
Lesson49 : Scientists Estimate Age of World’s Largest Fish

PART A_1
Let’s learn vocabulary. Listen and repeat the words and the sentences with your tutor.
PART A_2
1. species /SPEE-sheez/
  -a class of individuals having some common characteristics or qualities; distinct sort or kind.
  The world is filled with many species of plants.
2. calculate /kal-kyuh-leyt/
  -to determine by reasoning, common sense, or practical experience; estimate; evaluate; gauge
  My mother always calculates our daily expenses.
3. conclusion /kuhn-KLOO-zhuhn/
  -the final part of something
  You should improve the conclusion of your essay.
4. breakthrough /BREYK-throo /
  -any significant or sudden advance, development, achievement, or increase, as in scientific knowledge or diplomacy, that removes a barrier to progress
  NASA’s exploration to the moon is a huge breakthrough in science.
5. resilience /ri-ZIL-yuhns/
  -the quality of being able to return quickly to a previous good condition after problems
  People’s resilience was tested during the storm.
PART B_1
Let’s read the article. Please read it aloud, and I will check your pronunciation and intonation.
PART B_2
Scientists Estimate Age of World’s Largest Fish
Whale sharks are the world’s biggest species, and scientists have recently learned how to calculate their age. The researchers used evidence on experiments performed during the Cold War. They discovered that, like tree growth rings, bands develop in the shark vertebrae every year. They arrived at their conclusion by calculating carbon-14 quantities. Nuclear explosions also contain the naturally occurring radioactive element. These bands were already known to exist, and their numbers rose as the sharks grew older. However, it was unknown if new rings existed on an annual or six-monthly basis. Carbon-14 levels in the rings were compared to evidence of changes in carbon-14 levels over time by the researchers. They compared them to the 1950s and 1960s when there were a lot of nuclear experiments. Scientists can now evaluate a whale shark’s age after it has died thanks to this breakthrough. But, most importantly, it reveals that these endangered aquatic giants are slow-growing. According to Mark Meekan, an author with the Australian Institute of Marine Science, knowledge of growth rate is critical for all sea creatures as it determines their resilience to dangers such as fishing.
PART C_1
Let’s answer comprehension questions. Please answer them based on the article.
PART C_2
1. How do scientists calculate the age of whale sharks?
2. How are whale sharks similar to trees?
3. What advantage does this breakthrough give the scientists?
PART D_1
Let’s discuss the article. Please answer the questions below and express your opinions.
PART D_2
1. What makes the article interesting for you?
2. Do you think scientists should do more research on the ages of sea creatures? Why or why not?
3. Do you think more students should learn about the discovery? Why or why not?
4. How did the article affect your view of whale sharks?
5. Do you think there should be more laws created for the protection of endangered animals? Why or why not?
REVIEW AND FEEDBACK
Now, let us review the things that you learned in this lesson.
(Please give a short feedback on how your student did on your class.)
Grammar
文法
Pronunciation 発音 Vocabulary
単語
Comprehension
理解
GOOD 文法の誤りはほとんどなく、完全な文章で話すことができる ほとんどの単語をはっきりと正しく発音することができる 習った表現を適切に使うことができる 文章を理解し、質問に正しく答えることができる

FAIR
文法の誤りはあるが、完全な文章で話すことができる 発音の練習が必要な言葉がいくつかある たまにミスはあるが、習った表現を適切に使うことができる 文章を完全に理解するのは難しく、質問に正しく答えられないときもある

POOR
文章で話すのは難しく、単語だけで話すことができる 発音の練習が必要である 習った単語と表現を少しだけ使うことができる 文章を理解するのは難しく、質問に答えるのは難しい
TUTOR FEEDBACK

GRAMMAR
Good: Was able to speak in complete sentences with minimal grammatical errors.
Fair: Was able to speak in complete sentences with evident grammatical errors.
Poor: Was able to speak using words only.
PRONUNCIATION
Good: Was able to pronounce most of the words clearly and correctly.
Fair: Mispronounced a few words.
Poor: Mispronounced most of the words.
VOCABULARY
Good: Used appropriate expressions learned in class.
Fair: Used appropriate expressions learned in class and made a few errors in word choice.
Poor: Used only a few words and expressions.
COMPREHENSION
Good: Was able to understand the passages and answer the questions correctly.
Fair: Had a little difficulty in understanding passages and answering questions.
Poor: Had a hard time understanding passages and answering questions.

Column Discussion (Expert)|コラムディスカッション(上級)
Lesson48 : High School Student Names NASA’s Mars Helicopter

PART A_1
Let’s learn vocabulary. Listen and repeat the words and the sentences with your tutor.
PART A_2
1. propose /pruh-POHZ/
  -to offer or suggest (a matter, subject, case, etc.) for consideration, acceptance, or action
  The politicians proposed a solution to traffic.
2. accomplish /uh-KOM-plish /
  -to bring to its goal or conclusion; carry out; perform; finish
  Students must accomplish their tasks on time.
3. horizon /huh-RAHY-zuhn/
  -the line at the farthest place that you can see, where the sky seems to touch the land or sea
  She saw the sun appear on the horizon.
4. principle /PRIN-suh-puhl/
  -a basic idea or rule that explains or controls how something happens or works:
  His actions are based on his principles.
5. existence /ig-ZIS-tuhns/
  -the state or fact of existing; being
  Newton’s existence is a great contribution to science.
PART B_1
Let’s read the article. Please read it aloud, and I will check your pronunciation and intonation.
PART B_2
High School Student Names NASA’s Mars Helicopter
The first helicopter to be sent to Mars has been named by a high school student. The name “Ingenuity” was selected by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) the United States’ space agency, in a competition where thousands of students from around the world participated. Vaneeza Rupani, a junior at Tuscaloosa County High School in Northport, Alabama, proposed the name. According to NASA, Rupani was one of the 28,000 students of all ages across 50 nations, who submitted. The names were proposed as part of a naming competition for NASA’s upcoming Mars explorer that ended in March. Rupani explained her name choice in her submission. Ingenuity, she wrote, is what helps one to “accomplish amazing things” and “expand our horizons to the edges of the universe.” Ingenuity reflects “the principles that our helicopter tech tutorial will showcase,” according to NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine. The explorer, which weighs about 1,043 kilograms, will gather samples from Mars before returning to Earth, according to NASA. It shall also collect climate and geology data, as well as search for signs of past existence.
PART C_1
Let’s answer comprehension questions. Please answer them based on the article.
PART C_2
1. How was the name of NASA’s Mars helicopter chosen?
2. Why did Rupani choose the name?
3. What did Jim Bridenstine say about the name?
PART D_1
Let’s discuss the article. Please answer the questions below and express your opinions.
PART D_2
1. Do you think “Ingenuity” was a good choice of name for the Mars helicopter? Why or why not?
2. Do you think this story will inspire children around the globe? Why or why not?
3. Do you think NASA should hold more naming competitions for their explorers? Why or why not?
4. If you could name a helicopter by NASA that would explore another planet, what would it be and why?
5. Do you think it is important for NASA to explore other planets? Why or why not?
REVIEW AND FEEDBACK
Now, let us review the things that you learned in this lesson.
(Please give a short feedback on how your student did on your class.)
Grammar
文法
Pronunciation 発音 Vocabulary
単語
Comprehension
理解
GOOD 文法の誤りはほとんどなく、完全な文章で話すことができる ほとんどの単語をはっきりと正しく発音することができる 習った表現を適切に使うことができる 文章を理解し、質問に正しく答えることができる

FAIR
文法の誤りはあるが、完全な文章で話すことができる 発音の練習が必要な言葉がいくつかある たまにミスはあるが、習った表現を適切に使うことができる 文章を完全に理解するのは難しく、質問に正しく答えられないときもある

POOR
文章で話すのは難しく、単語だけで話すことができる 発音の練習が必要である 習った単語と表現を少しだけ使うことができる 文章を理解するのは難しく、質問に答えるのは難しい
TUTOR FEEDBACK

GRAMMAR
Good: Was able to speak in complete sentences with minimal grammatical errors.
Fair: Was able to speak in complete sentences with evident grammatical errors.
Poor: Was able to speak using words only.
PRONUNCIATION
Good: Was able to pronounce most of the words clearly and correctly.
Fair: Mispronounced a few words.
Poor: Mispronounced most of the words.
VOCABULARY
Good: Used appropriate expressions learned in class.
Fair: Used appropriate expressions learned in class and made a few errors in word choice.
Poor: Used only a few words and expressions.
COMPREHENSION
Good: Was able to understand the passages and answer the questions correctly.
Fair: Had a little difficulty in understanding passages and answering questions.
Poor: Had a hard time understanding passages and answering questions.

Column Discussion (Expert)|コラムディスカッション(上級)
Lesson47 : Study Finds How Koalas Drink

PART A_1
Let’s learn vocabulary. Listen and repeat the words and the sentences with your tutor.
PART A_2
1. consume /kuhn-SOOM/
  -to eat or drink up; devour
  Henry consumes a lot of water daily.
2. digest /dih-JEST/
  -to change food in your stomach into substances that your body can use
  I do not digest steak easily.
3. threat /thret/
  -an indication or warning of trouble
  The storm is a threat to his activities.
4. ruin /ROO-in/
  -to destroy or severely damage something
  The house was nearly ruined by the hurricane.
5. habitat /HAB-i-tat/
  -the natural environment in which an animal or plant usually lives
  Trees are monkeys’ natural habitat.
PART B_1
Let’s read the article. Please read it aloud, and I will check your pronunciation and intonation.
PART B_2
Study Finds How Koalas Drink
For a long time, scientists have asked how Australia’s koalas get enough water to survive. A recent research has come up with a suggestion. Koalas get their water from the plant leaves they consume in the wild. They also get it from rainwater pouring down the surface of tree trunks, a process known as “tree-licking.” The animals were traditionally believed to get the most of their water from the moisture in the leaves they consumed. Koalas are mainly nocturnal species, according to experts; which means that they always are up at night. They are also arboreal, meaning they live in trees and rely on them for food, shelter, and, as the researchers recently learned, drinking. Koalas spend plenty of time in eucalyptus trees. Eucalyptus leaves are eaten in large amounts. An average adult koala consumes 500 to 800 grams of leaves each day. Koalas sleep a lot, about 20 hours a day owing to their diet. Their tree-leaf diet necessitates a lot of energy to digest. According to Australia’s environment minister, koalas are under threat due to the wildfires that have ruined up to 30% of their habitat.

PART C_1
Let’s answer comprehension questions. Please answer them based on the article.
PART C_2
1. What is the process known as “tree-licking”?
2. What makes koalas arboreal?
3. How much leaves do adult koalas consume?
PART D_1
Let’s discuss the article. Please answer the questions below and express your opinions.
PART D_2
1. What can you say about the information given about koalas?
2. Do you think koalas are difficult to take care of? Why or why not?
3. How do you think this new discovery would affect our treatment of koalas?
4. Do you think that we must learn more about the animals around us? Why or why not?
5. How can we protect the animals around us?
REVIEW AND FEEDBACK
Now, let us review the things that you learned in this lesson.
(Please give a short feedback on how your student did on your class.)
Grammar
文法
Pronunciation 発音 Vocabulary
単語
Comprehension
理解
GOOD 文法の誤りはほとんどなく、完全な文章で話すことができる ほとんどの単語をはっきりと正しく発音することができる 習った表現を適切に使うことができる 文章を理解し、質問に正しく答えることができる

FAIR
文法の誤りはあるが、完全な文章で話すことができる 発音の練習が必要な言葉がいくつかある たまにミスはあるが、習った表現を適切に使うことができる 文章を完全に理解するのは難しく、質問に正しく答えられないときもある

POOR
文章で話すのは難しく、単語だけで話すことができる 発音の練習が必要である 習った単語と表現を少しだけ使うことができる 文章を理解するのは難しく、質問に答えるのは難しい
TUTOR FEEDBACK

GRAMMAR
Good: Was able to speak in complete sentences with minimal grammatical errors.
Fair: Was able to speak in complete sentences with evident grammatical errors.
Poor: Was able to speak using words only.
PRONUNCIATION
Good: Was able to pronounce most of the words clearly and correctly.
Fair: Mispronounced a few words.
Poor: Mispronounced most of the words.
VOCABULARY
Good: Used appropriate expressions learned in class.
Fair: Used appropriate expressions learned in class and made a few errors in word choice.
Poor: Used only a few words and expressions.
COMPREHENSION
Good: Was able to understand the passages and answer the questions correctly.
Fair: Had a little difficulty in understanding passages and answering questions.
Poor: Had a hard time understanding passages and answering questions.

Column Discussion (Expert)|コラムディスカッション(上級)
Lesson46 : Ancient Humans May Have Entered Europe Earlier Than Once Thought

PART A_1
Let’s learn vocabulary. Listen and repeat the words and the sentences with your tutor.
PART A_2
1. ancestor /AN-ses-ter/
  -a person related to you who lived a long time ago
  His ancestors came to America during the 1900s.
2. assume /uh-SOOM/
  -to accept something to be true without question or proof
  I assumed you had a bad day because you were unusually quiet.
3. emerge /ih-MURJ/
  -to appear by coming out of something or out from behind something
  Rosa emerged from her room dressed in purple.
4. genetic /juh-NET-ik/
  -belonging or relating to genes (parts of the DNA in cells) received by each animal or plant from its parents
  Some diseases are said to be genetic.
5. insufficient /in-suh-FISH-uhnt/
  -not enough; lacking in what is necessary or required
  He was upset because the food was insufficient.
PART B_1
Let’s read the article. Please read it aloud, and I will check your pronunciation and intonation.
PART B_2
Ancient Humans May Have Entered Europe Earlier Than Once Thought
Human bones found in Bulgaria suggest that humans had settled in Europe thousands of years ago. The discovery indicates that humans and Neanderthals, our nearest ancestors, coexisted on the continent for much longer than previously assumed. Scientists analyzed four pieces of bone and a tooth that emerged from four Homo sapiens, the earliest of which dates back to about 46,000 years ago, according to genetic research. The previous discovery of human bones occurred in Romania; attempts to date these bone fragments were insufficient. They were most likely 40,000 years old, give or take a few thousand years. The bone material also contained Neanderthal genes, indicating that Neanderthals and Homo sapiens had mated about 200 years ago. According to the scholars, Europe’s ancestors arrived from Africa about 47,000 years ago, during a brief time of warming. This suggests that humans and Neanderthals coexisted on the same continent for around 7,000 years, communicating periodically but not regularly.
PART C_1
Let’s answer comprehension questions. Please answer them based on the article.
PART C_2
1. What do the human bones found in Bulgaria suggest?
2. What pieces of evidence did the scientists gather to support such claims?
3. How old were the bones discovered in Romania?
PART D_1
Let’s discuss the article. Please answer the questions below and express your opinions.
PART D_2
1. What can you say about the scientists’ efforts?
2. How do you think would this new discovery affect the history we already know?
3. How does the discovery benefit our society?
4. Should scientific discoveries be taught in school? Why or why not?
5. Do you think more research should be done on our ancestors? Why or why not?
REVIEW AND FEEDBACK
Now, let us review the things that you learned in this lesson.
(Please give a short feedback on how your student did on your class.)
Grammar
文法
Pronunciation 発音 Vocabulary
単語
Comprehension
理解
GOOD 文法の誤りはほとんどなく、完全な文章で話すことができる ほとんどの単語をはっきりと正しく発音することができる 習った表現を適切に使うことができる 文章を理解し、質問に正しく答えることができる

FAIR
文法の誤りはあるが、完全な文章で話すことができる 発音の練習が必要な言葉がいくつかある たまにミスはあるが、習った表現を適切に使うことができる 文章を完全に理解するのは難しく、質問に正しく答えられないときもある

POOR
文章で話すのは難しく、単語だけで話すことができる 発音の練習が必要である 習った単語と表現を少しだけ使うことができる 文章を理解するのは難しく、質問に答えるのは難しい
TUTOR FEEDBACK

GRAMMAR
Good: Was able to speak in complete sentences with minimal grammatical errors.
Fair: Was able to speak in complete sentences with evident grammatical errors.
Poor: Was able to speak using words only.
PRONUNCIATION
Good: Was able to pronounce most of the words clearly and correctly.
Fair: Mispronounced a few words.
Poor: Mispronounced most of the words.
VOCABULARY
Good: Used appropriate expressions learned in class.
Fair: Used appropriate expressions learned in class and made a few errors in word choice.
Poor: Used only a few words and expressions.
COMPREHENSION
Good: Was able to understand the passages and answer the questions correctly.
Fair: Had a little difficulty in understanding passages and answering questions.
Poor: Had a hard time understanding passages and answering questions.