All posts by weblio PH

Column Discussion (Expert)｜コラムディスカッション（上級）
Lesson7 : Scientists Aim to Explore Area of Life 1000 Meter Under the Sea

2021年3月16日 weblio PH

PART A_1

Let’s learn vocabulary. Listen and repeat the words and the sentences with your tutor.

PART A_2

1.　exploration	/ek-spluh-REY-shuhn/
	-an act or instance of exploring or investigating; examination.
	The ghost town in the South will be part of the exploration.
2.　examine	/ig-ZAM-in/
	-to observe, test, or investigate
	The intern has examined the case study for two weeks.
3.　intention	/in-TEN-shuhn/
	-the end or object intended; purpose
	His intention was misinterpreted by his colleagues.
4.　flourish	/FLUR-ish/
	-to be in a vigorous state; thrive:
	Succulents flourish in hot and dry weather conditions.
5.　sufficient	/suh-FISH-uhnt/
	-adequate for the purpose; enough
	The basketball team had sufficient time to prepare for the game.

PART B_1

Let’s read the article. Please read it aloud, and I will check your pronunciation and intonation.

PART B_2

Scientists, to study marine life 1000 meter under the sea

A sea exploration 1000 meter underwater is in the works as a team of scientists aims to examine unexplored parts of the ocean with the intention of discovering new marine life and observing how pollution and climate change affect undersea ecosystems.

The scientists target the “Midnight Zone” of the Indian Ocean where light can no longer penetrate but life still flourishes. Most sea animals that live below 1,000 meters are believed to be bioluminescent, which means they glow in the dark. Sensors and mapping technology will be used to find new organisms and observe the seabed. Plastic pollution and the effects of climate change will be part of the study.

Limiting Factor, an advanced deep-sea submarine, will be used in this exploration. This submarine is designed to hold out against the huge pressure in the deepest corners of the ocean. It also carries sufficient emergency oxygen that can last up to 96 hours. The said expedition will run for about five weeks.

PART C_1

Let’s answer comprehension questions. Please answer them based on the article.

PART C_2

1.	How deep will the team of scientists go undersea?
2.	What are the objectives of the said exploration?
3.	What does bioluminescent mean?

PART D_1

Let’s discuss the article. Please answer the questions below and express your opinions.

PART D_2

1.	Do you think the said sea exploration is necessary?
2.	How can this project help fight climate change?
3.	What other kinds of technology do you think will be useful in this exploration?
4.	Would you be interested to participate in this kind of project?
5.	In your opinion, what environmental problem should be prioritized?

REVIEW AND FEEDBACK

Now, let us review the things that you learned in this lesson.

ではこのレッスンで学んだことを振り返りましょう。

(Please give a short feedback on how your student did on your class.)

	Grammar 文法	Pronunciation 発音	Vocabulary 単語	Comprehension 理解
GOOD	文法の誤りはほとんどなく、完全な文章で話すことができる	ほとんどの単語をはっきりと正しく発音することができる	習った表現を適切に使うことができる	文章を理解し、質問に正しく答えることができる
FAIR	文法の誤りはあるが、完全な文章で話すことができる	発音の練習が必要な言葉がいくつかある	たまにミスはあるが、習った表現を適切に使うことができる	文章を完全に理解するのは難しく、質問に正しく答えられないときもある
POOR	文章で話すのは難しく、単語だけで話すことができる	発音の練習が必要である	習った単語と表現を少しだけ使うことができる	文章を理解するのは難しく、質問に答えるのは難しい

TUTOR FEEDBACK

GRAMMAR
Good:	Was able to speak in complete sentences with minimal grammatical errors.
Fair:	Was able to speak in complete sentences with evident grammatical errors.
Poor:	Was able to speak using words only.
PRONUNCIATION
Good:	Was able to pronounce most of the words clearly and correctly.
Fair:	Mispronounced a few words.
Poor:	Mispronounced most of the words.
VOCABULARY
Good:	Used appropriate expressions learned in class.
Fair:	Used appropriate expressions learned in class and made a few errors in word choice.
Poor:	Used only a few words and expressions.
COMPREHENSION
Good:	Was able to understand the passages and answer the questions correctly.
Fair:	Had a little difficulty in understanding passages and answering questions.
Poor:	Had a hard time understanding passages and answering questions.

Parts of this lesson material are based on:
An article by Voice of America

Column Discussion (Expert)｜コラムディスカッション（上級）
Lesson6 : Ancient Fish Early Bones Found in the Human Hand

2021年3月16日 weblio PH

PART A_1

Let’s learn vocabulary. Listen and repeat the words and the sentences with your tutor.

PART A_2

1.　structure	/STRUHK-cher/
	-mode of building, construction, or organization
	The organizational structure was updated right after the manager resigned.
2.　striking	/STRAHY-king/
	-noticeable
	The model is a fan of striking fashion.
3.　similarity	/sim-uh-LAR-i-tee/
	-the state of being similar; likeness
	Their parents cannot seem to find a single similarity between the twin sisters.
4.　hint	/hint/
	-an indirect, covert, or helpful suggestion; clue:
	The game show contestants were not given any hints.
5.　enable	/en-EY-buhl/
	-to make possible or easy
	His scholarship enable him to graduate from university.

PART B_1

Let’s read the article. Please read it aloud, and I will check your pronunciation and intonation.

PART B_2

Study: Ancient fish bone structure similar to human hand

A group of researchers studied a fossil of a fish called Elpistostege watsoni that lived more or less 380 million years ago in the waters of Eastern Canada.
Striking similarities between the bone structure of its fins and that of the human hand caught the eye of the researchers. They infer that the findings of the study give hints as to how the fish developed into vertebrates that could live on land.

Pectoral fins are composed of several tiny bones that appear like fingers. This bone structure would have enabled the fish to hold its weight with its fins to move on land. According to the researchers, this goes to show that human beings came from a long line of evolution, just like Elpistostege watsoni.

In addition, the researchers stressed that this kind of development they had observed in the study was essential not only for human beings but for all living things.

PART C_1

Let’s answer comprehension questions. Please answer them based on the article.

PART C_2

1.	What caught the attention of the researchers?
2.	How do pectoral fins look?
3.	What did the researchers say about evolution?

PART D_1

Let’s discuss the article. Please answer the questions below and express your opinions.

PART D_2

1.	Did you find the findings of the study surprising?
2.	Do you believe that ancient fish could have survived on land?
3.	Why do you think it is important to study fossils?
4.	Have you ever seen a fossil? Please share your experience.
5.	What do you make of human evolution?

REVIEW AND FEEDBACK

Now, let us review the things that you learned in this lesson.

ではこのレッスンで学んだことを振り返りましょう。

(Please give a short feedback on how your student did on your class.)

	Grammar 文法	Pronunciation 発音	Vocabulary 単語	Comprehension 理解
GOOD	文法の誤りはほとんどなく、完全な文章で話すことができる	ほとんどの単語をはっきりと正しく発音することができる	習った表現を適切に使うことができる	文章を理解し、質問に正しく答えることができる
FAIR	文法の誤りはあるが、完全な文章で話すことができる	発音の練習が必要な言葉がいくつかある	たまにミスはあるが、習った表現を適切に使うことができる	文章を完全に理解するのは難しく、質問に正しく答えられないときもある
POOR	文章で話すのは難しく、単語だけで話すことができる	発音の練習が必要である	習った単語と表現を少しだけ使うことができる	文章を理解するのは難しく、質問に答えるのは難しい

TUTOR FEEDBACK

GRAMMAR
Good:	Was able to speak in complete sentences with minimal grammatical errors.
Fair:	Was able to speak in complete sentences with evident grammatical errors.
Poor:	Was able to speak using words only.
PRONUNCIATION
Good:	Was able to pronounce most of the words clearly and correctly.
Fair:	Mispronounced a few words.
Poor:	Mispronounced most of the words.
VOCABULARY
Good:	Used appropriate expressions learned in class.
Fair:	Used appropriate expressions learned in class and made a few errors in word choice.
Poor:	Used only a few words and expressions.
COMPREHENSION
Good:	Was able to understand the passages and answer the questions correctly.
Fair:	Had a little difficulty in understanding passages and answering questions.
Poor:	Had a hard time understanding passages and answering questions.

Parts of this lesson material are based on:
An article by Voice of America

Column Discussion (Expert)｜コラムディスカッション（上級）
Lesson5 : Negative Dog Training Methods Can Cause Long-Term Harm

2021年3月16日 weblio PH

PART A_1

Let’s learn vocabulary. Listen and repeat the words and the sentences with your tutor.

PART A_2

1.　punishment	/PUHN-ish-muhnt/
	-the fact of being punished, as for an offense or fault
	Human rights advocates are against severe forms of punishment.
2.　response	/ri-SPONS/
	-an answer or reply, as in words or some action
	He was given silent treatment as a response.
3.　latter	/LAT-er/
	-being the second mentioned of two
	Out of the two options, the team chose the latter.
4.　perform	/per-FAWRM/
	-to carry out; execute; do:
	To get a promotion, an employee must perform beyond what’s expected of him or her.
5.　cynical	/SIN-i-kuhl/
	-distrusting the motives of others
	She has always been cynical about dating.

PART B_1

Let’s read the article. Please read it aloud, and I will check your pronunciation and intonation.

PART B_2

Study suggests punishment-based training may cause harm to dogs

According to a recent study, punishment-based dog training can induce long-term harm to the animal.

An experiment that focused on domesticated dogs was conducted by the University of Porto in Portugal. The study compared aversive and reward-based dog training methods. In the former method, punishments such as shouting, pushing, or pulling the dog are given in response to the animal’s negative behavior. As for the latter method, rewards like treats and praises are given whenever the animal performs accordingly.

The research showed that the aversive training method causes stress-related behaviors in dogs. Higher levels of a stress-causing hormone called cortisol are also observed in the first group. Later in the experiment, the researchers added that the dogs that were trained using the aversive method showed cynical behaviors, unlike the dogs that were given reward-based training.

Moreover, other studies proved that food is the best form of reward for dogs. Researchers found out that petting and praising the animal are not as effective as food reward.

PART C_1

Let’s answer comprehension questions. Please answer them based on the article.

PART C_2

1.	What are the two training methods used in the study?
2.	What is cortisol?
3.	What is the most effective form of reward for dogs?

PART D_1

Let’s discuss the article. Please answer the questions below and express your opinions.

PART D_2

1.	What do you make of the findings of the study mentioned in the article?
2.	Do you agree that reward-based training is better?
3.	How can this study help animal training facilities?
4.	Do you believe that all animals should be trained by humans?
5.	If you were to train an animal, what methods would you use?

REVIEW AND FEEDBACK

Now, let us review the things that you learned in this lesson.

ではこのレッスンで学んだことを振り返りましょう。

(Please give a short feedback on how your student did on your class.)

	Grammar 文法	Pronunciation 発音	Vocabulary 単語	Comprehension 理解
GOOD	文法の誤りはほとんどなく、完全な文章で話すことができる	ほとんどの単語をはっきりと正しく発音することができる	習った表現を適切に使うことができる	文章を理解し、質問に正しく答えることができる
FAIR	文法の誤りはあるが、完全な文章で話すことができる	発音の練習が必要な言葉がいくつかある	たまにミスはあるが、習った表現を適切に使うことができる	文章を完全に理解するのは難しく、質問に正しく答えられないときもある
POOR	文章で話すのは難しく、単語だけで話すことができる	発音の練習が必要である	習った単語と表現を少しだけ使うことができる	文章を理解するのは難しく、質問に答えるのは難しい

TUTOR FEEDBACK

GRAMMAR
Good:	Was able to speak in complete sentences with minimal grammatical errors.
Fair:	Was able to speak in complete sentences with evident grammatical errors.
Poor:	Was able to speak using words only.
PRONUNCIATION
Good:	Was able to pronounce most of the words clearly and correctly.
Fair:	Mispronounced a few words.
Poor:	Mispronounced most of the words.
VOCABULARY
Good:	Used appropriate expressions learned in class.
Fair:	Used appropriate expressions learned in class and made a few errors in word choice.
Poor:	Used only a few words and expressions.
COMPREHENSION
Good:	Was able to understand the passages and answer the questions correctly.
Fair:	Had a little difficulty in understanding passages and answering questions.
Poor:	Had a hard time understanding passages and answering questions.

Parts of this lesson material are based on:
An article by Voice of America

Column Discussion (Expert)｜コラムディスカッション（上級）
Lesson4 : Researchers Use Sounds to Call Fish Back to Dead Coral

2021年3月16日 weblio PH

PART A_1

Let’s learn vocabulary. Listen and repeat the words and the sentences with your tutor.

PART A_2

1.　coral	/KAWR-uhl/
	-a hard stony substance secreted by certain marine coelenterates as an external skeleton, typically forming large reefs in warm seas
	Dynamite fishing causes coral reef destruction.
2.　significant	/sig-NIF-i-kuhnt/
	-important and deserving of attention
	In business, significant clients must be prioritized.
3.　habitat	/HAB-i-tat/
	-the natural environment of an organism
	Wild animals should not be taken from their natural habitats.
4.　emit	/ih-MIT/
	-to send forth (liquid, light, heat, sound, particles, etc.); discharge
	This contraption emits a distinct sound.
5.　detrimental	/de-truh-MEN-tl/
	-causing detriment, as loss or injury; damaging; harmful
	Cigarette smoking is detrimental to human health.

PART B_1

Let’s read the article. Please read it aloud, and I will check your pronunciation and intonation.

PART B_2

Researchers attract fish back to dead corals with sounds

After a successful experiment, a group of scientists states that it is possible to call fish back to dead coral reefs by playing sounds underwater with a speaker.

Initially, they discovered that fish are likely to return after hearing the sounds of a healthy coral which is significantly loud as It is composed of various sounds produced by sea creatures. When looking for habitat, fish usually look for those kinds of sounds.

Human-caused pollution induces coral damage which makes reefs to be substantially quiet. In addition, dead corals emit unpleasant smells which dispel fish and other creatures underwater.

According to a fish biologist, Mark Meekan, having fish come back to the damaged reefs is the first step in reviving the current condition of the coral reef ecosystem.

While underwater sounds can alleviate reef damage, scientists believe that other major detrimental factors such as overfishing, pollution, and climate change should also be solved.

PART C_1

Let’s answer comprehension questions. Please answer them based on the article.

PART C_2

1.	How did the scientists call fish back to damaged corals?
2.	How does a healthy coral sound?
3.	What other factors cause coral reef damage?

PART D_1

Let’s discuss the article. Please answer the questions below and express your opinions.

PART D_2

1.	What can you say about the method scientists used to save damaged corals?
2.	Do you agree that reviving coral reef health is essential to marine life?
3.	In your opinion, what other factors contribute to coral reef destruction?
4.	In what ways can you help alleviate environmental problems?
5.	Who do you think should be responsible for protecting the environment?

REVIEW AND FEEDBACK

Now, let us review the things that you learned in this lesson.

ではこのレッスンで学んだことを振り返りましょう。

(Please give a short feedback on how your student did on your class.)

	Grammar 文法	Pronunciation 発音	Vocabulary 単語	Comprehension 理解
GOOD	文法の誤りはほとんどなく、完全な文章で話すことができる	ほとんどの単語をはっきりと正しく発音することができる	習った表現を適切に使うことができる	文章を理解し、質問に正しく答えることができる
FAIR	文法の誤りはあるが、完全な文章で話すことができる	発音の練習が必要な言葉がいくつかある	たまにミスはあるが、習った表現を適切に使うことができる	文章を完全に理解するのは難しく、質問に正しく答えられないときもある
POOR	文章で話すのは難しく、単語だけで話すことができる	発音の練習が必要である	習った単語と表現を少しだけ使うことができる	文章を理解するのは難しく、質問に答えるのは難しい

TUTOR FEEDBACK

GRAMMAR
Good:	Was able to speak in complete sentences with minimal grammatical errors.
Fair:	Was able to speak in complete sentences with evident grammatical errors.
Poor:	Was able to speak using words only.
PRONUNCIATION
Good:	Was able to pronounce most of the words clearly and correctly.
Fair:	Mispronounced a few words.
Poor:	Mispronounced most of the words.
VOCABULARY
Good:	Used appropriate expressions learned in class.
Fair:	Used appropriate expressions learned in class and made a few errors in word choice.
Poor:	Used only a few words and expressions.
COMPREHENSION
Good:	Was able to understand the passages and answer the questions correctly.
Fair:	Had a little difficulty in understanding passages and answering questions.
Poor:	Had a hard time understanding passages and answering questions.

Parts of this lesson material are based on:
An article by Voice of America

Column Discussion (Expert)｜コラムディスカッション（上級）
Lesson76 : Air Pollution May Affect Every Organ, Cell in the Body

2021年3月16日 weblio PH

PART A_1

Let’s learn vocabulary. Listen and repeat the words and the sentences with your tutor.

PART A_2

1.　oxygen	/OK-si-jen/
	-a gas that is in the air and that animals need to live
	The human body needs oxygen for blood to circulate.
2.　pollution	/puh-LOO-shuhn/
	-damage caused to water, air, etc. by harmful substances or waste
	The company claims it is not responsible for the pollution in the river.
3.　assume	/a-SHUM/
	-to think that something is true, without question or proof
	With the release of the edited picture, the public assumed that the actors were dating.
4.　minimize	/MI-ni-mayz/
	-to make the amount of something that is unpleasant or not wanted as small as possible
	She was injected with anesthesia to minimize the pain.
5.　risk	/risk/
	-the possibility of something bad happening
	Receiving a vaccine dose might reduce the risk of contracting the virus.

PART B_1

Let’s read the article. Please read it aloud, and I will check your pronunciation and intonation.

PART B_2

Air Pollution May Affect Every Organ, Cell in the Body

Taking long, deep breaths is essential for everyone as it allows us to take in the
oxygen needed by our body. Also, it can help bring us emotional calm. However, nowadays, oxygen is not the only thing that gets into our body when we breathe.
A lot of air pollutants come along with the oxygen. According to the World Health
Organization (WHO), this has been the new normal for a lot of people as they have recorded 91% of the world’s population living in places that exceed the limits set by WHO. Around 7 million people die every year due to air pollution. Since we breathe air people assume that it affects only the parts which are linked with breathing. However, a particulate matter which is 2.5 micrometers in size can penetrate every organ and every cell in the body. It can even pass through the walls in our brain and womb and even affect the heart and blood system. Although air pollution indeed contributes largely to lung diseases, studies show that it can also
damage other organs of the body. Children, in this case, are the most at risk as aside from outside pollution, indoor pollution is also possible with the use of unsafe fuels. To combat this problem, the government must be at the forefront in controlling the pollution at its source. Experts also suggest wearing masks to minimize, if not avoid entry of pollutants into our body.

PART C_1

Let’s answer comprehension questions. Please answer them based on the article.

PART C_2

1.	What are the risks posed by air pollution?
2.	What other parts of the body might be affected by air pollution?
3.	According to the article, what can be done to address the issue?

PART D_1

Let’s discuss the article. Please answer the questions below and express your opinions.

PART D_2

1.	What do you think are the major contributors to air pollution?
2.	What do you think can, individuals, do to help the situation?
3.	Who do you think plays the most important role in combatting this issue?
4.	How can you help in your own little ways to help with this problem?
5.	What are the advantages of having clean air?

REVIEW AND FEEDBACK

Now, let us review the things that you learned in this lesson.

ではこのレッスンで学んだことを振り返りましょう。

(Please give a short feedback on how your student did in your class.)

	Grammar 文法	Pronunciation 発音	Vocabulary 単語	Comprehension 理解
GOOD	文法の誤りはほとんどなく、完全な文章で話すことができる	ほとんどの単語をはっきりと正しく発音することができる	習った表現を適切に使うことができる	文章を理解し、質問に正しく答えることができる
FAIR	文法の誤りはあるが、完全な文章で話すことができる	発音の練習が必要な言葉がいくつかある	たまにミスはあるが、習った表現を適切に使うことができる	文章を完全に理解するのは難しく、質問に正しく答えられないときもある
POOR	文章で話すのは難しく、単語だけで話すことができる	発音の練習が必要である	習った単語と表現を少しだけ使うことができる	文章を理解するのは難しく、質問に答えるのは難しい

TUTOR FEEDBACK

GRAMMAR
Good:	Was able to speak in complete sentences with minimal grammatical errors.
Fair:	Was able to speak in complete sentences with evident grammatical errors.
Poor:	Was able to speak using words only.
PRONUNCIATION
Good:	Was able to pronounce most of the words clearly and correctly.
Fair:	Mispronounced a few words.
Poor:	Mispronounced most of the words.
VOCABULARY
Good:	Used appropriate expressions learned in class.
Fair:	Used appropriate expressions learned in class and made a few errors in word choice.
Poor:	Used only a few words and expressions.
COMPREHENSION
Good:	Was able to understand the passages and answer the questions correctly.
Fair:	Had a little difficulty in understanding passages and answering questions.
Poor:	Had a hard time understanding passages and answering questions.

Parts of this lesson material are based on:
An article by Voice of America

Column Discussion (Expert)｜コラムディスカッション（上級）
Lesson68 : Research Finds Secrets of the ‘Girl with a Pearl Earring’

2021年3月16日 weblio PH

PART A_1

Let’s learn vocabulary. Listen and repeat the words and the sentences with your tutor.

PART A_2

1.　regard	/ri-GAHRD /
	-to consider or have an opinion about something or someone
	Her parents always regarded her as the smartest of their children.
2.　draw	/dro/
	-to attract someone to a place or person
	The screaming of the girl draw the attention of her neighbors.
3.　conduct	/kan-DAKT/
	-to organize and perform a particular activity
	The organization was able to conduct a benefit concert for the children.
4.　identify	/ay-DEN-ti-fay/
	-to recognize someone or something and say or prove who or what they are
	The characteristics of the suspect need to be identified.
5.　eager	/I-ger/
	-wanting to do or have something very much
	The students are very eager to learn English.

PART B_1

Let’s read the article. Please read it aloud, and I will check your pronunciation and intonation.

PART B_2

Research Finds Secrets of the “Girl with a Pearl Earring”

Researchers have used high technology to learn about Vermeer’s painting.

The painting is called “Girl with a Pearl Earring.” Vermeer is popular and regarded as a master of his craft. In the sixteenth century, he worked during the Dutch Golden Age of painting. The identity of the mysterious woman in the painting has remained a mystery despite the researchers’ efforts. They have, however, disclosed critical details about how Vermeer created the painting, which is often referred to as the Dutch “Mona Lisa”. A close inspection was conducted and revealed the origins of some of the painting’s pigments. The white in the earring comes from lead mined in northern England’s Peak District. The blue is made of a valuable Afghan stone.

Insects that live on cactus plants in Mexico and South America produce the red.

The research project was led by Abbie Vandivere. She was shocked because the blue color was more precious than gold in the 17th century. The results reveal knowledge about Vermeer’s materials, and also reveal information about Dutch and international trade in the seventeenth century, according to Vandivere. Vermeer painted the girl on a piece of cloth in a particular order, according to the report.

Infrared imaging also identified that Vermeer started the painting with brown and black paint. He then worked from the green backdrop to the foreground, drawing the girl’s outline in black lines. Unfortunately, the girl has not disclosed her true identity, but the researchers are eager to search for ways to learn more about her.

PART C_1

Let’s answer comprehension questions. Please answer them based on the article.

PART C_2

1.	What came with the popularity of the painting ‘Girl with a Pearl Earrings’?
2.	What were the researchers able to learn after having a closer look at the painting?
3.	How was the blue pigment characterized by the researchers?

PART D_1

Let’s discuss the article. Please answer the questions below and express your opinions.

PART D_2

1.	Who do you think is the ‘Girl with a Pearl Earring’?
2.	What can be concluded from the fact that the blue pigment used in the painting was a valuable thing?
3.	Why do you think researchers got drawn to the painting?
4.	How do you think people from their time appreciated this painting?
5.	What message do you think this painting is trying to portray?

REVIEW AND FEEDBACK

Now, let us review the things that you learned in this lesson.

ではこのレッスンで学んだことを振り返りましょう。

(Please give a short feedback on how your student did on your class.)

	Grammar 文法	Pronunciation 発音	Vocabulary 単語	Comprehension 理解
GOOD	文法の誤りはほとんどなく、完全な文章で話すことができる	ほとんどの単語をはっきりと正しく発音することができる	習った表現を適切に使うことができる	文章を理解し、質問に正しく答えることができる
FAIR	文法の誤りはあるが、完全な文章で話すことができる	発音の練習が必要な言葉がいくつかある	たまにミスはあるが、習った表現を適切に使うことができる	文章を完全に理解するのは難しく、質問に正しく答えられないときもある
POOR	文章で話すのは難しく、単語だけで話すことができる	発音の練習が必要である	習った単語と表現を少しだけ使うことができる	文章を理解するのは難しく、質問に答えるのは難しい

TUTOR FEEDBACK

GRAMMAR
Good:	Was able to speak in complete sentences with minimal grammatical errors.
Fair:	Was able to speak in complete sentences with evident grammatical errors.
Poor:	Was able to speak using words only.
PRONUNCIATION
Good:	Was able to pronounce most of the words clearly and correctly.
Fair:	Mispronounced a few words.
Poor:	Mispronounced most of the words.
VOCABULARY
Good:	Used appropriate expressions learned in class.
Fair:	Used appropriate expressions learned in class and made a few errors in word choice.
Poor:	Used only a few words and expressions.
COMPREHENSION
Good:	Was able to understand the passages and answer the questions correctly.
Fair:	Had a little difficulty in understanding passages and answering questions.
Poor:	Had a hard time understanding passages and answering questions.

Parts of this lesson material are based on:
An article by Voice of America

Column Discussion (Expert)｜コラムディスカッション（上級）
Lesson3 : Researchers Say Indonesian Cave Art is Earliest Known Record of ‘Storytelling’

2021年3月16日 weblio PH

PART A_1

Let’s learn vocabulary. Listen and repeat the words and the sentences with your tutor.

PART A_2

1.　researcher	/ri-SURCH-er/
	-a person who carries out academic or scientific research
	The researcher is studying renewable energy.
2.　counterpart	/KOUN-ter-pahrt/
	-a person or thing closely resembling another
	She is like the American counterpart of this Taiwanese actress.
3.　resemble	/ri-ZEM-buhl/
	-to be like or similar to
	The latest product design resembles the previous one.
4.　supernatural	/soo-per-NACH-er-uhl/
	-of, relating to, or being above or beyond what is natural; unexplainable by natural law or phenomena;
	The villain in the story has supernatural abilities.
5.　myth	/mith/
	-any invented story, idea, or concept:
	Our grandparents believe in myths.

PART B_1

Let’s read the article. Please read it aloud, and I will check your pronunciation and intonation.

PART B_2

Ancient cave art found in Indonesia

A team of Indonesian and Australian researchers discovered what seems to be the very first record of storytelling through pictures. This cave painting was found on the island of Sulawesi in Indonesia. According to the researchers, this imagery appears to be 44,000 years old which happens to be thousands of years older than its European counterpart.

The said cave art shows a total of eight creatures that resemble humans carrying spears and ropes who seem to be hunting six animals. These creatures are called “therianthropes”. They are believed to have both human-like and animal-like characteristics. These creatures appear in myths and are believed to be supernatural beings by the locals. Moreover, some of the animals in the painting appear to be local species of buffaloes and warty pigs.

However, a few of these cave paintings have been damaged, according to experts. They added that It would be unfortunate to lose this ancient artwork.

PART C_1

Let’s answer comprehension questions. Please answer them based on the article.

PART C_2

1.	Where was the cave painting found?
2.	What are therianthropes?
3.	What is the current state of some of the cave paintings?

PART D_1

Let’s discuss the article. Please answer the questions below and express your opinions.

PART D_2

1.	What do you think is the importance of this cave art in Indonesian culture?
2.	Do you think this ancient art should be preserved?
3.	What do you make of therianthropes?
4.	Are you interested in ancient art?
5.	What do you think are the characteristics of a good researcher?

REVIEW AND FEEDBACK

Now, let us review the things that you learned in this lesson.

ではこのレッスンで学んだことを振り返りましょう。

(Please give a short feedback on how your student did on your class.)

	Grammar 文法	Pronunciation 発音	Vocabulary 単語	Comprehension 理解
GOOD	文法の誤りはほとんどなく、完全な文章で話すことができる	ほとんどの単語をはっきりと正しく発音することができる	習った表現を適切に使うことができる	文章を理解し、質問に正しく答えることができる
FAIR	文法の誤りはあるが、完全な文章で話すことができる	発音の練習が必要な言葉がいくつかある	たまにミスはあるが、習った表現を適切に使うことができる	文章を完全に理解するのは難しく、質問に正しく答えられないときもある
POOR	文章で話すのは難しく、単語だけで話すことができる	発音の練習が必要である	習った単語と表現を少しだけ使うことができる	文章を理解するのは難しく、質問に答えるのは難しい

TUTOR FEEDBACK

GRAMMAR
Good:	Was able to speak in complete sentences with minimal grammatical errors.
Fair:	Was able to speak in complete sentences with evident grammatical errors.
Poor:	Was able to speak using words only.
PRONUNCIATION
Good:	Was able to pronounce most of the words clearly and correctly.
Fair:	Mispronounced a few words.
Poor:	Mispronounced most of the words.
VOCABULARY
Good:	Used appropriate expressions learned in class.
Fair:	Used appropriate expressions learned in class and made a few errors in word choice.
Poor:	Used only a few words and expressions.
COMPREHENSION
Good:	Was able to understand the passages and answer the questions correctly.
Fair:	Had a little difficulty in understanding passages and answering questions.
Poor:	Had a hard time understanding passages and answering questions.

Parts of this lesson material are based on:
An article by Voice of America

Column Discussion (Expert)｜コラムディスカッション（上級）
Lesson2 : Should a King Be More than a Queen in Card Games?

2021年3月16日 weblio PH

PART A_1

Let’s learn vocabulary. Listen and repeat the words and the sentences with your tutor.

PART A_2

1.　thrill	/thril/
	-a sudden wave of keen emotion or excitement, sometimes manifested as a tremor or tingling sensation passing through the body
	She is thrilled to be a part of an amazing team.
2.　regard	/ri-GAHRD/
	-to look upon or think of with a particular feeling
	Water is regarded as the universal solvent.
3.　widespread	/WAHYD-SPRED/
	-distributed over a wide region, or occurring in many places or among many persons or individuals
	Covid-19 infection is now widespread.
4.　inequality	/in-i-KWOL-i-tee/
	-the condition of being unequal; lack of equality; disparity
	This organization is formed to fight against gender inequality.
5.　inspire	/in-SPAHYHUR/
	-to produce or arouse (a feeling, thought, etc.)
	The customer inspired the business owner to expand his business.

PART B_1

Let’s read the article. Please read it aloud, and I will check your pronunciation and intonation.

PART B_2

Playing cards spread awareness against gender inequality

In the Netherlands, a woman was not thrilled that a king is regarded as more valuable than a queen in a deck of playing cards.

A psychology major, Indy Mellink, 23 thought this idea fuels the already widespread gender inequality in the society. This thought inspired her to put her creativity into action by coming up with new designs for playing cards. Instead of a king, the most important card would be gold, followed by silver, then bronze. The deck of cards she personally designed called GSB (Gold, Silver, Bronze) is available online. As a matter of fact, she has sold about 1,500 decks to buyers from different parts of the globe.

The first batch who tested GSB admitted that gender inequality never crossed their mind while playing the card game before. Changing the rules of card games may not happen overnight, but dedicated card players are giving it a try.

PART C_1

Let’s answer comprehension questions. Please answer them based on the article.

PART C_2

1.	How did Indy Mellink come up with GSB deck of cards?
2.	What does GSB stand for?
3.	How many decks of cards has Mellink sold?

PART D_1

Let’s discuss the article. Please answer the questions below and express your opinions.

PART D_2

1.	What do you think of GSB deck of cards?
2.	Do you think GSB playing cards should replace the traditional playing cards?
3.	Do you think GSB playing cards will be popular in your country?
4.	What is your opinion on gender equality?
5.	Have you ever thought of creating a product from scratch?

REVIEW AND FEEDBACK

Now, let us review the things that you learned in this lesson.

ではこのレッスンで学んだことを振り返りましょう。

(Please give a short feedback on how your student did on your class.)

	Grammar 文法	Pronunciation 発音	Vocabulary 単語	Comprehension 理解
GOOD	文法の誤りはほとんどなく、完全な文章で話すことができる	ほとんどの単語をはっきりと正しく発音することができる	習った表現を適切に使うことができる	文章を理解し、質問に正しく答えることができる
FAIR	文法の誤りはあるが、完全な文章で話すことができる	発音の練習が必要な言葉がいくつかある	たまにミスはあるが、習った表現を適切に使うことができる	文章を完全に理解するのは難しく、質問に正しく答えられないときもある
POOR	文章で話すのは難しく、単語だけで話すことができる	発音の練習が必要である	習った単語と表現を少しだけ使うことができる	文章を理解するのは難しく、質問に答えるのは難しい

TUTOR FEEDBACK

GRAMMAR
Good:	Was able to speak in complete sentences with minimal grammatical errors.
Fair:	Was able to speak in complete sentences with evident grammatical errors.
Poor:	Was able to speak using words only.
PRONUNCIATION
Good:	Was able to pronounce most of the words clearly and correctly.
Fair:	Mispronounced a few words.
Poor:	Mispronounced most of the words.
VOCABULARY
Good:	Used appropriate expressions learned in class.
Fair:	Used appropriate expressions learned in class and made a few errors in word choice.
Poor:	Used only a few words and expressions.
COMPREHENSION
Good:	Was able to understand the passages and answer the questions correctly.
Fair:	Had a little difficulty in understanding passages and answering questions.
Poor:	Had a hard time understanding passages and answering questions.

Parts of this lesson material are based on:
An article by Voice of America

Column Discussion (Expert)｜コラムディスカッション（上級）
Lesson85 : One Thing You Can Do Right Now to Help Your Heart

2021年3月16日 weblio PH

PART A_1

Let’s learn vocabulary. Listen and repeat the words and the sentences with your tutor.

PART A_2

1.　evidenced	/EV-i-duhns/
	-shown to be true
	The crime was evidenced by the security camera footage.
2.　alter	/AWL-ter/
	-to change something, usually slightly, or to cause the characteristics of something to change
	The brand’s identity has been altered by its new tagline.
3.　cope	/kohp/
	-to deal successfully with a difficult situation
	Marla copes with stress like a pro.
4.　relaxation	/ree-lak-SEY-shuhn/
	-the feeling of being relaxed
	Kyle plays golf for relaxation.
5.　coronary	/KAWR-uh-ner-ee/
	-relating to the blood vessels (= tubes carrying blood) around the heart, or to the heart and diseases of the heart
	Coronary blood flow increases while doing exercise.

PART B_1

Let’s read the article. Please read it aloud, and I will check your pronunciation and intonation.

PART B_2

One Thing You Can Do Right Now to Help Your Heart

Health experts warned about an unhealthy lifestyle that can put a huge risk of heart disease and stroke to individuals. They always advise their patients to eat nutritious food, work out, quit smoking, and limit alcohol intake, but there is something else that can be done that is much simpler and absolutely fee: smile. Dr. Anand Chockalingam, a heart disease expert at the University of Missouri Health Care in Columbia, Missouri, does this practice—he always recommends his patients to smile. According to Chockalingam, “When we smile, the brain wiring gets altered. The chemicals that are released are more positive.” Chockalingam also added that smiling is the initial step in coping with physical and emotional stress, which was evidenced by many studies. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), coronary heart disease is the world’s leading cause of death. American Heart Association explained that the connection between stress and heart disease remains uncertain. But the coping mechanism of people under stress might not be healthy. They may binge-eat, smoke, take too much alcohol, and have lack of sleep and exercise, which can all lead to different types of health problems. Dr. Chockalingam says smiling may be of great help, adding that “Once people smile, they are relaxing. This relaxation directly lowers blood pressure, improves sugar levels in the blood. If we are smiling, we are breaking that link between stress and health.”

PART C_1

Let’s answer comprehension questions. Please answer them based on the article.

PART C_2

1.	What is the world’s leading cause of death according to the World Health Organization (WHO)?
2.	What routines does a healthy lifestyle comprise?
3.	What does Dr. Anand Chockalingam urge his patients to do aside from having a healthy lifestyle?

PART D_1

Let’s discuss the article. Please answer the questions below and express your opinions.

PART D_2

1.	How is this study relevant today?
2.	Do you think smiling could really help in reducing the risk of heart problems? Why or why not?
3.	How do you cope with stress?
4.	What is your advice to people who are having a hard time coping with stress?
5.	If you could contribute to the world of medicine, what simplest thing would you do to prevent heart illnesses?

REVIEW AND FEEDBACK

Now, let us review the things that you learned in this lesson.

ではこのレッスンで学んだことを振り返りましょう。

(Please give a short feedback on how your student did in your class.)

	Grammar 文法	Pronunciation 発音	Vocabulary 単語	Comprehension 理解
GOOD	文法の誤りはほとんどなく、完全な文章で話すことができる	ほとんどの単語をはっきりと正しく発音することができる	習った表現を適切に使うことができる	文章を理解し、質問に正しく答えることができる
FAIR	文法の誤りはあるが、完全な文章で話すことができる	発音の練習が必要な言葉がいくつかある	たまにミスはあるが、習った表現を適切に使うことができる	文章を完全に理解するのは難しく、質問に正しく答えられないときもある
POOR	文章で話すのは難しく、単語だけで話すことができる	発音の練習が必要である	習った単語と表現を少しだけ使うことができる	文章を理解するのは難しく、質問に答えるのは難しい

TUTOR FEEDBACK

GRAMMAR
Good:	Was able to speak in complete sentences with minimal grammatical errors.
Fair:	Was able to speak in complete sentences with evident grammatical errors.
Poor:	Was able to speak using words only.
PRONUNCIATION
Good:	Was able to pronounce most of the words clearly and correctly.
Fair:	Mispronounced a few words.
Poor:	Mispronounced most of the words.
VOCABULARY
Good:	Used appropriate expressions learned in class.
Fair:	Used appropriate expressions learned in class and made a few errors in word choice.
Poor:	Used only a few words and expressions.
COMPREHENSION
Good:	Was able to understand the passages and answer the questions correctly.
Fair:	Had a little difficulty in understanding passages and answering questions.
Poor:	Had a hard time understanding passages and answering questions.

Parts of this lesson material are based on:
An article by Voice of America

Column Discussion (Expert)｜コラムディスカッション（上級）
Lesson84 : Poor Sleep Behavior Tied to Many Health Issues

2021年3月16日 weblio PH

PART A_1

Let’s learn vocabulary. Listen and repeat the words and the sentences with your tutor.

PART A_2

1.　metabolism	/muh-TAB-uh-liz-uhm/
	-all the chemical processes in one’s body, especially those that cause food to be used for energy and growth
	Drinking pineapple juice improves metabolism.
2.　duration	/doo-REYshuhn/
	-the length of time that something lasts
	The duration of the upcoming meeting must not exceed three hours.
3.　synchronize	/SING-kruh-nahyz/
	-to (cause to) happen at the same time
	Their lips fail to synchronize with the dialogue.
4.　rhythm	/RITH-uhm/
	-a regular pattern of change, especially one that happens in nature
	Nothing beats the natural rhythm of tropical island life.
5.　caffeine	/ka-FEEN/
	-a chemical found in coffee and tea that is a stimulant
	I’ve had too much caffeine today just to stay awake at work.

PART B_1

Let’s read the article. Please read it aloud, and I will check your pronunciation and intonation.

PART B_2

Poor Sleep Behavior Tied to Many Health Issues

New study suggests that frequently changing one’s sleeping pattern, with different numbers of sleeping hours, can cause metabolic health conditions such as obesity, high blood pressure, and diabetes. Tianyi Huang, one of the study’s researchers, said that more irregular sleep times would likely result to higher risk of metabolic diseases “no matter if one has short or long sleep duration or has good or poor sleep quality.” And these results cannot be prevented by sleeping longer on some nights, Huang clarified. Kristen Knutson, researcher at the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine in Chicago, added that our biological clocks can be the reason why unstable sleeping patterns affect our metabolic health. Explaining further, Knuston said that the human body has 24-hour rhythms that must function collectively with the environment in order to have good health. The body clock of an individual with inconsistent sleeping patterns may have difficulty “staying synchronized” which may result to harm, Knuston added. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provides suggestions to prevent sleep-related problems, which include setting a consistent bedtime, sleeping in a dark room without electronics, and avoiding large meals, caffeine, and alcohol before bed.

PART C_1

Let’s answer comprehension questions. Please answer them based on the article.

PART C_2

1.	What are the metabolic diseases one can acquire due to inconsistent sleeping patterns?
2.	How did Kristen Knutson explain a human body’s 24-hour rhythms?
3.	What suggestions did the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provide to prevent sleep-related problems?

PART D_1

Let’s discuss the article. Please answer the questions below and express your opinions.

PART D_2

1.	What do you think is the importance of this study?
2.	Why do you think sleeping longer on some nights cannot remedy inconsistent sleeping patterns?
3.	How do you cope when you lack sleep?
4.	Do you know someone with an irregular sleeping pattern? Please tell me more about it.
5.	Aside from the suggestions given in the article, what advice can you give to people with sleep-related problems?

REVIEW AND FEEDBACK

Now, let us review the things that you learned in this lesson.

ではこのレッスンで学んだことを振り返りましょう。

(Please give a short feedback on how your student did in your class.)

	Grammar 文法	Pronunciation 発音	Vocabulary 単語	Comprehension 理解
GOOD	文法の誤りはほとんどなく、完全な文章で話すことができる	ほとんどの単語をはっきりと正しく発音することができる	習った表現を適切に使うことができる	文章を理解し、質問に正しく答えることができる
FAIR	文法の誤りはあるが、完全な文章で話すことができる	発音の練習が必要な言葉がいくつかある	たまにミスはあるが、習った表現を適切に使うことができる	文章を完全に理解するのは難しく、質問に正しく答えられないときもある
POOR	文章で話すのは難しく、単語だけで話すことができる	発音の練習が必要である	習った単語と表現を少しだけ使うことができる	文章を理解するのは難しく、質問に答えるのは難しい

TUTOR FEEDBACK

GRAMMAR
Good:	Was able to speak in complete sentences with minimal grammatical errors.
Fair:	Was able to speak in complete sentences with evident grammatical errors.
Poor:	Was able to speak using words only.
PRONUNCIATION
Good:	Was able to pronounce most of the words clearly and correctly.
Fair:	Mispronounced a few words.
Poor:	Mispronounced most of the words.
VOCABULARY
Good:	Used appropriate expressions learned in class.
Fair:	Used appropriate expressions learned in class and made a few errors in word choice.
Poor:	Used only a few words and expressions.
COMPREHENSION
Good:	Was able to understand the passages and answer the questions correctly.
Fair:	Had a little difficulty in understanding passages and answering questions.
Poor:	Had a hard time understanding passages and answering questions.

Parts of this lesson material are based on:
An article by Voice of America

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オンライン英会話のWeblio英会話公式ブログ

All posts by weblio PH

Column Discussion (Expert)｜コラムディスカッション（上級）
Lesson7 : Scientists Aim to Explore Area of Life 1000 Meter Under the Sea

Column Discussion (Expert)｜コラムディスカッション（上級）
Lesson6 : Ancient Fish Early Bones Found in the Human Hand

Column Discussion (Expert)｜コラムディスカッション（上級）
Lesson5 : Negative Dog Training Methods Can Cause Long-Term Harm

Column Discussion (Expert)｜コラムディスカッション（上級）
Lesson4 : Researchers Use Sounds to Call Fish Back to Dead Coral

Column Discussion (Expert)｜コラムディスカッション（上級）
Lesson76 : Air Pollution May Affect Every Organ, Cell in the Body

Column Discussion (Expert)｜コラムディスカッション（上級）
Lesson68 : Research Finds Secrets of the ‘Girl with a Pearl Earring’

Column Discussion (Expert)｜コラムディスカッション（上級）
Lesson3 : Researchers Say Indonesian Cave Art is Earliest Known Record of ‘Storytelling’

Column Discussion (Expert)｜コラムディスカッション（上級）
Lesson2 : Should a King Be More than a Queen in Card Games?

Column Discussion (Expert)｜コラムディスカッション（上級）
Lesson85 : One Thing You Can Do Right Now to Help Your Heart

Column Discussion (Expert)｜コラムディスカッション（上級）
Lesson84 : Poor Sleep Behavior Tied to Many Health Issues

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