All posts by weblio PH

World Literature (Aesop Fables)|世界文学(イソップ童話)
Lesson6: Belling the Cat

PART A_1
Let’s learn vocabulary. Listen and repeat the words and the sentences with your tutor.
PART A_2
1. constant /KON-stuhnt/
  -not changing or varying
  Her mother is her constant companion.
2. dare /dair/
  -to have the necessary courage or boldness for something
  She dared to quit her job.
3. stir /stur/
  -to move around, especially briskly; be active
  Some park goers stir around the park.
4. successful /suhk-SES-fuhl/
  -achieving or having achieved success
  He wants to be a successful businessman in the future.
5. arise /uh-RAHYZ/
  -to get out of bed
  We arose early on Christmas morning.
PART B_1
Let’s read the story. Please read it aloud, and I will check your pronunciation and intonation.
PART B_2
BELLING THE CAT
The Mice once called a meeting to decide on a plan to free themselves of their enemy, the Cat. At least they wished to find some way of knowing when she was coming, so they might have time to run away. Indeed, something had to be done, for they lived in such constant fear of her claws that they hardly dared stir from their dens by night or day.

Many plans were discussed, but none of them was thought good enough. At last, a very young Mouse got up and said:

“I have a plan that seems very simple, but I know it will be successful. All we have to do is to hang a bell about the Cat’s neck. When we hear the bell ringing we will know immediately that our enemy is coming.”

All the Mice were much surprised that they had not thought of such a plan before. But in the midst of the rejoicing over their good fortune, an old Mouse arose and said:

“I will say that the plan of the young Mouse is very good. But let me ask one question: Who will bell the Cat?”

It is one thing to say that something should be done, but quite a different matter to do it.

PART C_1
Let’s answer comprehension questions. Please answer them based on the story.
PART C_2
1. What animal is the enemy of the mice?
2. What was their plan?
3. What did the Old Mouse ask?
PART D_1
Let’s discuss the story. Please answer the questions below and express your opinions.
PART D_2
1. Do you agree that their plan was great?
2. Do you think it is right to celebrate before carrying out a plan?
3. How do you think the mice could finally get rid of the Cat?
4. The fable’s lesson is “It is one thing to say that something should be done, but quite a different matter to do it.” Do you agree with this? Why or why not?
5. Do you remember any personal experiences similar to the story? Please share.
REVIEW AND FEEDBACK
Now, let us review the things that you learned in this lesson.
(Please give a short feedback on how your student did in your class.)
Grammar
文法
Pronunciation 発音 Vocabulary
単語
Comprehension
理解
GOOD 文法の誤りはほとんどなく、完全な文章で話すことができる ほとんどの単語をはっきりと正しく発音することができる 習った表現を適切に使うことができる 文章を理解し、質問に正しく答えることができる

FAIR
文法の誤りはあるが、完全な文章で話すことができる 発音の練習が必要な言葉がいくつかある たまにミスはあるが、習った表現を適切に使うことができる 文章を完全に理解するのは難しく、質問に正しく答えられないときもある

POOR
文章で話すのは難しく、単語だけで話すことができる 発音の練習が必要である 習った単語と表現を少しだけ使うことができる 文章を理解するのは難しく、質問に答えるのは難しい
TUTOR FEEDBACK

GRAMMAR
Good: Was able to speak in complete sentences with minimal grammatical errors.
Fair: Was able to speak in complete sentences with evident grammatical errors.
Poor: Was able to speak using words only.
PRONUNCIATION
Good: Was able to pronounce most of the words clearly and correctly.
Fair: Mispronounced a few words.
Poor: Mispronounced most of the words.
VOCABULARY
Good: Used appropriate expressions learned in class.
Fair: Used appropriate expressions learned in class and made a few errors in word choice.
Poor: Used only a few words and expressions.
COMPREHENSION
Good: Was able to understand the passages and answer the questions correctly.
Fair: Had a little difficulty in understanding passages and answering questions.
Poor: Had a hard time understanding passages and answering questions.

World Literature (Aesop Fables)|世界文学(イソップ童話)
Lesson5: The Dog, the Cock, and the Fox

PART A_1
Let’s learn vocabulary. Listen and repeat the words and the sentences with your tutor.
PART A_2
1. spirit /SPIR-it/
  -the principle of conscious life; the vital principle in humans, animating the body or mediating between body and soul
  Most people are usually in high spirits at Christmas time.
2. spy /spahy/
  -to observe secretively
  Her best friend spied on her first date.
3. creep /kreep/
  -to approach slowly
  A python crept toward its prey.
4. comfortably /KUHMF-tuh-buh-lee/
  -in a physically relaxed way that is free from constraint
  The guests sat on the couch comfortably.
5. seize /seez/
  -to take hold of suddenly or forcibly; grasp:
  The staff is already late for the meeting, so he seized his bag and hurried to the door.
PART B_1
Let’s read the story. Please read them aloud, and I will check your pronunciation and intonation.
PART B_2
THE DOG, THE COCK, AND THE FOX
A Dog and a Cock, who were the best of friends, wished very much to see something of the world. So they decided to leave the farmyard and to set out into the world along the road that led to the woods. The two comrades traveled along in the very best of spirits and without meeting any adventure to speak of.

At nightfall the Cock, looking for a place to roost, as was his custom, spied nearby a hollow tree that he thought would do very nicely for a night’s lodging. The Dog could creep inside and the Cock would fly up on one of the branches. So said, so done, and both slept very comfortably.

With the first glimmer of dawn the Cock awoke. For the moment he forgot just where he was. He thought he was still in the farmyard where it had been his duty to arouse the household at daybreak. So standing on tip-toes he flapped his wings and crowed lustily. But instead of awakening the farmer, he awakened a Fox not far off in the wood. The Fox immediately had rosy visions of a very delicious breakfast. Hurrying to the tree where the Cock was roosting, he said very politely:

“A hearty welcome to our woods, honored sir. I cannot tell you how glad I am to see you here. I am quite sure we shall become the closest of friends.”

“I feel highly flattered, kind sir”, replied the Cock slyly. “If you will please go around to the door of my house at the foot of the tree, my porter will let you in.”

The hungry but unsuspecting Fox, went around the tree as he was told, and in a twinkling, the Dog had seized him.

Those who try to deceive may expect to be paid in their own coin.

PART C_1
Let’s answer comprehension questions. Please answer them based on the story.
PART C_2
1. Why did the Dog and the Cock leave the farmyard?
2. What did the Cock do after waking up?
3. What happened to the Fox?
PART D_1
Let’s discuss the story. Please answer the questions below and express your opinions.
PART D_2
1. Do you think their decision to explore was good?
2. In your opinion, did they chose a good place to rest?
3. Do you think the Dog handled the situation well?
4. The fable’s lesson is “Those who try to deceive may expect to be paid in their own coin.” Do you agree with this? Why or why not?
5. Why do you think some people like to deceive others?
REVIEW AND FEEDBACK
Now, let us review the things that you learned in this lesson.
(Please give a short feedback on how your student did on your class.)
Grammar
文法
Pronunciation 発音 Vocabulary
単語
Comprehension
理解
GOOD 文法の誤りはほとんどなく、完全な文章で話すことができる ほとんどの単語をはっきりと正しく発音することができる 習った表現を適切に使うことができる 文章を理解し、質問に正しく答えることができる

FAIR
文法の誤りはあるが、完全な文章で話すことができる 発音の練習が必要な言葉がいくつかある たまにミスはあるが、習った表現を適切に使うことができる 文章を完全に理解するのは難しく、質問に正しく答えられないときもある

POOR
文章で話すのは難しく、単語だけで話すことができる 発音の練習が必要である 習った単語と表現を少しだけ使うことができる 文章を理解するのは難しく、質問に答えるのは難しい
TUTOR FEEDBACK

GRAMMAR
Good: Was able to speak in complete sentences with minimal grammatical errors.
Fair: Was able to speak in complete sentences with evident grammatical errors.
Poor: Was able to speak using words only.
PRONUNCIATION
Good: Was able to pronounce most of the words clearly and correctly.
Fair: Mispronounced a few words.
Poor: Mispronounced most of the words.
VOCABULARY
Good: Used appropriate expressions learned in class.
Fair: Used appropriate expressions learned in class and made a few errors in word choice.
Poor: Used only a few words and expressions.
COMPREHENSION
Good: Was able to understand the passages and answer the questions correctly.
Fair: Had a little difficulty in understanding passages and answering questions.
Poor: Had a hard time understanding passages and answering questions.

World Literature (Aesop Fables)|世界文学(イソップ童話)
Lesson4: The Frogs and the Ox

PART A_1
Let’s learn vocabulary. Listen and repeat the words and the sentences with your tutor.
PART A_2
1. splash /splash/
  -to wet or soil by dashing masses or particles of water, mud, or the like; spatter
  The waiter accidentally splashed coffee over her jacket.
2. crush /kruhsh/
  -to squeeze or pound into small fragments or particles, as ore, stone, etc.
  The chef crushed a slice of old bread to make crumbs.
3. mud /muhd/
  -wet, soft earth or earthy matter, as on the ground after rain, at the bottom of a pond, or along the banks of a river; mire
  His boots were obviously soaked in mud.
4. declare /dih-KLAIR/
  -to make known or state clearly, especially in explicit or formal terms
  The clothing company declared bankruptcy after seven years of operation.
5. burst /burst/
  -to break, break open, or fly apart with sudden violence
  After a few seconds, all the bubbles burst.
PART B_1
Let’s read the story. Please read them aloud, and I will check your pronunciation and intonation.
PART B_2
THE FROGS AND THE OX
An Ox came down to a reedy pool to drink. As he splashed heavily into the water, he crushed a young Frog into the mud. The old Frog soon missed the little one and asked his brothers and sisters what had become of him.

“A great big monster”, said one of them, “stepped on little brother with one of his huge feet!”

“Big, was he!” said the old Frog, puffing herself up. “Was he as big as this?”

“Oh, much bigger!” they cried.

The Frog puffed up still more.

He could not have been bigger than this, she said. But the little Frogs all declared that the monster was much, much bigger and the old Frog kept puffing herself out more and more until, all at once, she burst.

Do not attempt the impossible.

PART C_1
Let’s answer comprehension questions. Please answer them based on the story.
PART C_2
1. What did the Ox do?
2. How did the Old Frog tell them what happened?
3. What happened to the Old Frog?
PART D_1
Let’s discuss the story. Please answer the questions below and express your opinions.
PART D_2
1. Do you think the Ox did it intentionally?
2. What can you say about the reaction of the other frogs?
3. Was the Old Frog able to tell the story effectively?
4. The fable’s lesson is “Do not attempt the impossible.” Do you agree with this? Why or why not?
5. Do you think it is good to set limits on yourself?
REVIEW AND FEEDBACK
Now, let us review the things that you learned in this lesson.
(Please give a short feedback on how your student did on your class.)
Grammar
文法
Pronunciation 発音 Vocabulary
単語
Comprehension
理解
GOOD 文法の誤りはほとんどなく、完全な文章で話すことができる ほとんどの単語をはっきりと正しく発音することができる 習った表現を適切に使うことができる 文章を理解し、質問に正しく答えることができる

FAIR
文法の誤りはあるが、完全な文章で話すことができる 発音の練習が必要な言葉がいくつかある たまにミスはあるが、習った表現を適切に使うことができる 文章を完全に理解するのは難しく、質問に正しく答えられないときもある

POOR
文章で話すのは難しく、単語だけで話すことができる 発音の練習が必要である 習った単語と表現を少しだけ使うことができる 文章を理解するのは難しく、質問に答えるのは難しい
TUTOR FEEDBACK

GRAMMAR
Good: Was able to speak in complete sentences with minimal grammatical errors.
Fair: Was able to speak in complete sentences with evident grammatical errors.
Poor: Was able to speak using words only.
PRONUNCIATION
Good: Was able to pronounce most of the words clearly and correctly.
Fair: Mispronounced a few words.
Poor: Mispronounced most of the words.
VOCABULARY
Good: Used appropriate expressions learned in class.
Fair: Used appropriate expressions learned in class and made a few errors in word choice.
Poor: Used only a few words and expressions.
COMPREHENSION
Good: Was able to understand the passages and answer the questions correctly.
Fair: Had a little difficulty in understanding passages and answering questions.
Poor: Had a hard time understanding passages and answering questions.

World Literature (Aesop Fables)|世界文学(イソップ童話)
Lesson3: The Young Crab and His Mother

PART A_1
Let’s learn vocabulary. Listen and repeat the words and the sentences with your tutor.
PART A_2
1. sideways /SAHYD-weyz/
  -toward or from one side
  The price trend has been moving sideways these days.
2. turn out /TURN-out/
  -to point outward
  The ballerina started dancing with her feet turned out.
3. trip /trip/
  -to stumble
  The kid tripped over a large rock.
4. obediently /oh-BEE-dee-uhnt-lee/
  -in a way that does, or shows that you are willing to do, what you have been told to do by someone in authority
  His assistant nodded obediently.
5. unless /UHN-les/
  -except under the circumstances that
  They will attend the party, unless something urgent comes up.
PART B_1
Let’s read the story. Please read them aloud, and I will check your pronunciation and intonation.
PART B_2
THE YOUNG CRAB AND HIS MOTHER
“Why in the world do you walk sideways like that?” said a Mother Crab to her son. “You should always walk straight forward with your toes turned out.”

“Show me how to walk, mother dear”, answered the little Crab obediently. “I want to learn.”

So the old Crab tried and tried to walk straight forward. But she could walk sideways only, like her son. And when she wanted to turn her toes out she tripped and fell on her nose.

Do not tell others how to act unless you can set a good example.
PART C_1
Let’s answer comprehension questions. Please answer them based on the story.
PART C_2
1. What did the Mother Crab ask the Young Crab?
2. How did the Young Crab respond?
3. Was the Mother Crab able to walk straight forward?
PART D_1
Let’s discuss the story. Please answer the questions below and express your opinions.
PART D_2
1. Why do you think the Mother Crab asked such question to the Young Crab?
2. What can you say about the response of the Young Crab?
3. Do you think the Crabs would be able to walk straight forward?
4. The fable’s lesson is “Do not tell others how to act unless you can set a good example.” Do you agree with this? Why or why not?
5. Who is your role model?
REVIEW AND FEEDBACK
Now, let us review the things that you learned in this lesson.
(Please give a short feedback on how your student did on your class.)
Grammar
文法
Pronunciation 発音 Vocabulary
単語
Comprehension
理解
GOOD 文法の誤りはほとんどなく、完全な文章で話すことができる ほとんどの単語をはっきりと正しく発音することができる 習った表現を適切に使うことができる 文章を理解し、質問に正しく答えることができる

FAIR
文法の誤りはあるが、完全な文章で話すことができる 発音の練習が必要な言葉がいくつかある たまにミスはあるが、習った表現を適切に使うことができる 文章を完全に理解するのは難しく、質問に正しく答えられないときもある

POOR
文章で話すのは難しく、単語だけで話すことができる 発音の練習が必要である 習った単語と表現を少しだけ使うことができる 文章を理解するのは難しく、質問に答えるのは難しい
TUTOR FEEDBACK

GRAMMAR
Good: Was able to speak in complete sentences with minimal grammatical errors.
Fair: Was able to speak in complete sentences with evident grammatical errors.
Poor: Was able to speak using words only.
PRONUNCIATION
Good: Was able to pronounce most of the words clearly and correctly.
Fair: Mispronounced a few words.
Poor: Mispronounced most of the words.
VOCABULARY
Good: Used appropriate expressions learned in class.
Fair: Used appropriate expressions learned in class and made a few errors in word choice.
Poor: Used only a few words and expressions.
COMPREHENSION
Good: Was able to understand the passages and answer the questions correctly.
Fair: Had a little difficulty in understanding passages and answering questions.
Poor: Had a hard time understanding passages and answering questions.

World Literature (Aesop Fables)|世界文学(イソップ童話)
Lesson2: The Tortoise and the Ducks

PART A_1
Let’s learn vocabulary. Listen and repeat the words and the sentences with your tutor.
PART A_2
1. nimbly /NIM-blee/
  -in a way that is quick and exact either in movement or thoughts
  The tailor’s fingers worked nimbly as he sewed.
2. eager /EE-ger/
  -keen or ardent in desire or feeling; impatiently longing
  The children are so eager to visit their grandparents.
3. discontent /dis-kuhn-TENT/
  -not content; dissatisfied;
  The contestant was full of discontent after failing to complete the task.
4. drag /drahg/
  -to move something by pulling it along a surface, usually the ground
  The child dragged the pillow down to the floor.
5. firmly /FURM-lee/
  -securely fixed in place
  The statue is standing firmly on the ground.
PART B_1
Let’s read the story. Please read them aloud, and I will check your pronunciation and intonation.
PART B_2
THE TORTOISE AND THE DUCKS
The Tortoise, you know, carries his house on his back. No matter how hard he tries, he cannot leave home. They say that Jupiter punished him so, because he was such a lazy stay-at-home that he would not go to Jupiter’s wedding, even when especially invited.

After many years, Tortoise began to wish he had gone to that wedding. When he saw how gaily the birds flew about and how the Hare and the Chipmunk and all the other animals ran nimbly by, always eager to see everything there was to be seen, the Tortoise felt very sad and discontented. He wanted to see the world too, and there he was with a house on his back and little short legs that could hardly drag him along.
One day he met a pair of Ducks and told them all his trouble.

“We can help you to see the world”, said the Ducks. “Take hold of this stick with your teeth and we will carry you far up in the air where you can see the whole countryside. But keep quiet or you will be sorry.”
The Tortoise was very glad indeed. He seized the stick firmly with his teeth, the two Ducks took hold of it one at each end, and away they sailed up toward the clouds.

Just then a Crow flew by. He was very much astonished at the strange sight and cried:
“This must surely be the King of Tortoises!”

“Why certainly——” began the Tortoise.

But as he opened his mouth to say these foolish words he lost his hold on the stick, and down he fell to the ground, where he was dashed to pieces on a rock.
Foolish curiosity and vanity often lead to misfortune.
PART C_1
Let’s answer comprehension questions. Please answer them based on the story.
PART C_2
1. Why did Jupiter punish the Tortoise?
2. Why did the Tortoise regret not attending the wedding?
3. What happened to the Tortoise after a crow flew by?
PART D_1
Let’s discuss the story. Please answer the questions below and express your opinions.
PART D_2
1. Do you think the Tortoise made the right decision when he flew with the ducks?
2. Which of the animals do you think should be blamed?
3. How would you describe the Tortoise?
4. The fable’s lesson is “Foolish curiosity and vanity often lead to misfortune.” Do you agree with this? Why or why not?
5. In your culture, is it considered good to be curious?
REVIEW AND FEEDBACK
Now, let us review the things that you learned in this lesson.
(Please give a short feedback on how your student did on your class.)
Grammar
文法
Pronunciation 発音 Vocabulary
単語
Comprehension
理解
GOOD 文法の誤りはほとんどなく、完全な文章で話すことができる ほとんどの単語をはっきりと正しく発音することができる 習った表現を適切に使うことができる 文章を理解し、質問に正しく答えることができる

FAIR
文法の誤りはあるが、完全な文章で話すことができる 発音の練習が必要な言葉がいくつかある たまにミスはあるが、習った表現を適切に使うことができる 文章を完全に理解するのは難しく、質問に正しく答えられないときもある

POOR
文章で話すのは難しく、単語だけで話すことができる 発音の練習が必要である 習った単語と表現を少しだけ使うことができる 文章を理解するのは難しく、質問に答えるのは難しい
TUTOR FEEDBACK

GRAMMAR
Good: Was able to speak in complete sentences with minimal grammatical errors.
Fair: Was able to speak in complete sentences with evident grammatical errors.
Poor: Was able to speak using words only.
PRONUNCIATION
Good: Was able to pronounce most of the words clearly and correctly.
Fair: Mispronounced a few words.
Poor: Mispronounced most of the words.
VOCABULARY
Good: Used appropriate expressions learned in class.
Fair: Used appropriate expressions learned in class and made a few errors in word choice.
Poor: Used only a few words and expressions.
COMPREHENSION
Good: Was able to understand the passages and answer the questions correctly.
Fair: Had a little difficulty in understanding passages and answering questions.
Poor: Had a hard time understanding passages and answering questions.

Column Discussion (Expert)|コラムディスカッション(上級)
Lesson34 : Scientists Study Complete Dinosaur Skeleton

PART A_1
Let’s learn vocabulary. Listen and repeat the words and the sentences with your tutor.
PART A_2
1. uncommon /uhn-KOM-uhn/
  -not common; unusual; rare:
  The newbie’s suggestions are uncommon.
2. possess /puh-ZES/
  -to have as belonging to one; have as property; own:
  They possess vast agricultural lands.
3. build /bild/
  -the physical structure, especially of a person; physique; figure:
  His build tells us that he had rigorous training sessions recently.
4. meticulous /muh-TIK-yuh-luhs/
  -taking or showing extreme care about minute details; precise; thorough:
  Being meticulous is one of his strengths.
5. distinct /dih-STINGKT/
  -different in nature or quality
  Her distinct teaching style attracted a lot of students.
PART B_1
Let’s read the article. Please read it aloud, and I will check your pronunciation and intonation.
PART B_2
Scientists share new findings about armored dinosaur
In 1858, the first complete skeleton of the dinosaur species Scelidosaurus was recovered in the south of England. The fossil was previously examined by a British paleontologist in his published works from 1861 to 1863, but not many scientists paid much attention to this species for over a hundred years.
But the latest studies provide interesting findings about the Scelidosaurus species. After a meticulous observation of its remains, they learned that the said dinosaur had an uncommon body. They add that this species existed approximately 193 million years ago. It was also identified as a member of the ankylosaurs which is a family of armored dinosaurs. They are also known as tank dinosaurs because they possess such a robust build. It had four legs and each limb was estimated to be about four meters in length. Bony plates and pointy spikes covered each leg.
For years, scientists only knew the dinosaur by name, but they did not realize how distinct it was from other dinosaur species.

PART C_1
Let’s answer comprehension questions. Please answer them based on the article.
PART C_2
1. What dinosaur species was mentioned in the article?
2. When was the dinosaur skeleton first examined?
3. What makes this dinosaur different from others?
PART D_1
Let’s discuss the article. Please answer the questions below and express your opinions.
PART D_2
1. What are your thoughts on the findings of this study?
2. Do you think it is good that present-day scientists are paying attention to this fossil?
3. Why do you think many early scientists did not study this dinosaur before?
4. Would you be interested to study dinosaur fossils?
5. In your opinion, should scientists clone a dinosaur?
REVIEW AND FEEDBACK
Now, let us review the things that you learned in this lesson.
(Please give a short feedback on how your student did in your class.)
Grammar
文法
Pronunciation 発音 Vocabulary
単語
Comprehension
理解
GOOD 文法の誤りはほとんどなく、完全な文章で話すことができる ほとんどの単語をはっきりと正しく発音することができる 習った表現を適切に使うことができる 文章を理解し、質問に正しく答えることができる

FAIR
文法の誤りはあるが、完全な文章で話すことができる 発音の練習が必要な言葉がいくつかある たまにミスはあるが、習った表現を適切に使うことができる 文章を完全に理解するのは難しく、質問に正しく答えられないときもある

POOR
文章で話すのは難しく、単語だけで話すことができる 発音の練習が必要である 習った単語と表現を少しだけ使うことができる 文章を理解するのは難しく、質問に答えるのは難しい
TUTOR FEEDBACK

GRAMMAR
Good: Was able to speak in complete sentences with minimal grammatical errors.
Fair: Was able to speak in complete sentences with evident grammatical errors.
Poor: Was able to speak using words only.
PRONUNCIATION
Good: Was able to pronounce most of the words clearly and correctly.
Fair: Mispronounced a few words.
Poor: Mispronounced most of the words.
VOCABULARY
Good: Used appropriate expressions learned in class.
Fair: Used appropriate expressions learned in class and made a few errors in word choice.
Poor: Used only a few words and expressions.
COMPREHENSION
Good: Was able to understand the passages and answer the questions correctly.
Fair: Had a little difficulty in understanding passages and answering questions.
Poor: Had a hard time understanding passages and answering questions.

Column Discussion (Expert)|コラムディスカッション(上級)
Lesson33 : Male Elephants Are Not Loners After All

PART A_1
Let’s learn vocabulary. Listen and repeat the words and the sentences with your tutor.
PART A_2
1. tread /tred/
  -to set down the foot or feet in walking; step; walk.
  The hikers were instructed to tread back to the campsite.
2. lessen /LES-uhn/
  -to become less.
  His exhaustion was lessened after drinking a glass of cold water.
3. sight /sahyt /
  -the act or an instance of seeing
  A group of teenagers caught sight of the burglar escaping the bank.
4. promote /pruh-MOHT/
  -to help or encourage to exist or flourish; further:
  They are blindly promoting their favorite candidate.
5. presence /PREZ-uhns/
  -the state or fact of being present, as with others or in a place.
  Her mere presence brightened up the room.
PART B_1
Let’s read the article. Please read it aloud, and I will check your pronunciation and intonation.
PART B_2
Scientists: Male elephants are not loners
For the longest time, male elephants were thought to be loner creatures. Most often, they separate themselves from their mother’s herd at the age of 10 to 20 years old. But a recent study debunks this idea.
Based on a study by the experts, a few younger male elephants were found treading behind older male elephants as they moved around. While watching the videos of elephants, experts caught sight of 1,264 male African elephants. They concluded that young male elephants seldom traveled on their own.
In addition, older males would usually take the lead when traveling with other male elephants of different age groups. They were also observed to promote order within the herd. Another study showed that the presence of older male elephants lessened the aggression of the younger ones. Adult male elephants are characterized by having larger and longer tusks – a kind of huge tooth protruding outside their mouth.
PART C_1
Let’s answer comprehension questions. Please answer them based on the article.
PART C_2
1. What was the misconception about male elephants?
2. When does a male elephant leave its mother’s herd?
3. What makes older male elephants distinct from younger ones?
PART D_1
Let’s discuss the article. Please answer the questions below and express your opinions.
PART D_2
1. What is your reaction to this study?
2. Do you think it is important that a false idea about elephants has been debunked?
3. What can you say about younger male elephants being more aggressive than the older ones?
4. Do you think adult male elephants and adult men have something in common?
5. What is your opinion on hunting elephants for their tusks?
REVIEW AND FEEDBACK
Now, let us review the things that you learned in this lesson.
(Please give a short feedback on how your student did in your class.)
Grammar
文法
Pronunciation 発音 Vocabulary
単語
Comprehension
理解
GOOD 文法の誤りはほとんどなく、完全な文章で話すことができる ほとんどの単語をはっきりと正しく発音することができる 習った表現を適切に使うことができる 文章を理解し、質問に正しく答えることができる

FAIR
文法の誤りはあるが、完全な文章で話すことができる 発音の練習が必要な言葉がいくつかある たまにミスはあるが、習った表現を適切に使うことができる 文章を完全に理解するのは難しく、質問に正しく答えられないときもある

POOR
文章で話すのは難しく、単語だけで話すことができる 発音の練習が必要である 習った単語と表現を少しだけ使うことができる 文章を理解するのは難しく、質問に答えるのは難しい
TUTOR FEEDBACK

GRAMMAR
Good: Was able to speak in complete sentences with minimal grammatical errors.
Fair: Was able to speak in complete sentences with evident grammatical errors.
Poor: Was able to speak using words only.
PRONUNCIATION
Good: Was able to pronounce most of the words clearly and correctly.
Fair: Mispronounced a few words.
Poor: Mispronounced most of the words.
VOCABULARY
Good: Used appropriate expressions learned in class.
Fair: Used appropriate expressions learned in class and made a few errors in word choice.
Poor: Used only a few words and expressions.
COMPREHENSION
Good: Was able to understand the passages and answer the questions correctly.
Fair: Had a little difficulty in understanding passages and answering questions.
Poor: Had a hard time understanding passages and answering questions.

Column Discussion (Expert)|コラムディスカッション(上級)
Lesson32 : Ancient New Guinea ‘Singing Dog’ Rediscovered after 50 Years

PART A_1
Let’s learn vocabulary. Listen and repeat the words and the sentences with your tutor.
PART A_2
1. breed /breed/
  -a relatively homogenous group of animals within a species, developed and maintained by humans.
  Poodle is one of the most famous dog breeds.
2. assume /uh-SOOM/
  -suppose to be the case
  They assumed that the client was not interested enough to close the deal.
3. comparable / KOM-per-uh-buhl/
  -capable of being compared
  Our prices are comparable to those in other stores.
4. confirm /kuhn-FURM/
  -to establish the truth, accuracy, validity, or genuineness of; corroborate; verify:
  Their joint venture with a rival company is finally confirmed.
5. approximately /uh-PROK-suh-mit-lee/
  -about; roughly; more or less:
  He lost approximately 5 kilograms due to overworking.
PART B_1
Let’s read the article. Please read it aloud, and I will check your pronunciation and intonation.
PART B_2
Wild singing dogs, spotted after 50 years of extinction
After 50 years of extinction, ancient wild dogs which are known for producing sounds similar to singing have been spotted by experts in New Guinea. This dog breed originated in New Guinea which is the second-largest island in the world.
Experts assumed that the said species had died out in the 1970s. This dog breed was initially examined in 1897. It became popular for being the only breed that can make pleasant sounds comparable to wolf howls and whale singing.
After a series of genetic tests carried out by scientists, it was confirmed that the New Guinea singing dogs are closely related to the wild dogs spotted in the same area recently. These wild dogs are viewed as the most ancient dog-like animal to exist.
It is estimated that approximately 200 to 300 New Guinea dogs are kept in zoos and other animal protective facilities. While, 15 highland wild dogs were observed within a mountainous area in Papua, Indonesia.

PART C_1
Let’s answer comprehension questions. Please answer them based on the article.
PART C_2
1. What are New Guinea dogs famous for?
2. Is New Guinea the largest island in the world?
3. How is the sound they make described?
PART D_1
Let’s discuss the article. Please answer the questions below and express your opinions.
PART D_2
1. What can you say about the findings of this study?
2. Do you think it is essential to conserve this dog breed?
3. Do you think keeping them in zoos and animal shelters is the best way to protect them?
4. How do you think the authorities can effectively protect them from extinction?
5. What dog breeds are common in your country?
REVIEW AND FEEDBACK
Now, let us review the things that you learned in this lesson.
(Please give a short feedback on how your student did in your class.)
Grammar
文法
Pronunciation 発音 Vocabulary
単語
Comprehension
理解
GOOD 文法の誤りはほとんどなく、完全な文章で話すことができる ほとんどの単語をはっきりと正しく発音することができる 習った表現を適切に使うことができる 文章を理解し、質問に正しく答えることができる

FAIR
文法の誤りはあるが、完全な文章で話すことができる 発音の練習が必要な言葉がいくつかある たまにミスはあるが、習った表現を適切に使うことができる 文章を完全に理解するのは難しく、質問に正しく答えられないときもある

POOR
文章で話すのは難しく、単語だけで話すことができる 発音の練習が必要である 習った単語と表現を少しだけ使うことができる 文章を理解するのは難しく、質問に答えるのは難しい
TUTOR FEEDBACK

GRAMMAR
Good: Was able to speak in complete sentences with minimal grammatical errors.
Fair: Was able to speak in complete sentences with evident grammatical errors.
Poor: Was able to speak using words only.
PRONUNCIATION
Good: Was able to pronounce most of the words clearly and correctly.
Fair: Mispronounced a few words.
Poor: Mispronounced most of the words.
VOCABULARY
Good: Used appropriate expressions learned in class.
Fair: Used appropriate expressions learned in class and made a few errors in word choice.
Poor: Used only a few words and expressions.
COMPREHENSION
Good: Was able to understand the passages and answer the questions correctly.
Fair: Had a little difficulty in understanding passages and answering questions.
Poor: Had a hard time understanding passages and answering questions.

Column Discussion (Expert)|コラムディスカッション(上級)
Lesson31 : With Whale Sharks, Males Grow Faster, But Females Grow Bigger

PART A_1
Let’s learn vocabulary. Listen and repeat the words and the sentences with your tutor.
PART A_2
1. observe /uhb-ZURV/
  -to see, watch, perceive, or notice:
  The budding astronomer observed the same constellation for six months.
2. peak /peek/
  -to reach the highest point
  Hot temperature is expected to peak in summer.
3. annually / AN-yoo-uh-lee/
  -once a year; each year:
  This company holds a grand networking party annually.
4. reproduce /ree-pruh-DOOS/
  -to produce one or more other individuals of (a given kind of organism) by some process of generation or propagation, sexual or asexual.
  This plant has reproduced a dozen of flowers in a span of five weeks.
5. mature /muh-TYOOR/
  -complete in natural growth or development
  The farmer’s crops are not fully mature yet.
PART B_1
Let’s read the article. Please read it aloud, and I will check your pronunciation and intonation.
PART B_2
Scientists: Female whale sharks grow slower but larger
According to a recent study, male sharks grow faster but do not get as big as their female counterparts.
The growth of 54 whale sharks was under the surveillance of researchers for more than 10 years. The growth of both sexes were observed to peak while young, which stretch for 20 to 30 centimeters annually. Male whale sharks reached about eight meters in length at the age of 30. At this time, they also become sexually mature, enabling them to reproduce more of their kind. On the other hand, female whale sharks reached up to 14 meters at the age of 50 while reaching sexual maturity.
Marine biologists add that female whale sharks are capable of giving birth to 300 whale sharks at a time. This likely explains their colossal size. But the fact that it takes over 30 years for whale sharks to get sexually mature puts emphasis on the urgency of conserving their species, scientists highlight.

PART C_1
Let’s answer comprehension questions. Please answer them based on the article.
PART C_2
1. Do male whale sharks grow larger?
2. How long can a female whale shark grow?
3. At what age do male whale sharks reach sexual maturity?
PART D_1
Let’s discuss the article. Please answer the questions below and express your opinions.
PART D_2
1. What can you say about the results of this study?
2. Do you think these findings are enough for authorities to put more effort in protecting whale sharks?
3. How can authorities help save the whale sharks?
4. In your opinion, how important are whale sharks in the marine ecosystem?
5. Have you ever seen a whale shark before? Please tell me more.
REVIEW AND FEEDBACK
Now, let us review the things that you learned in this lesson.
(Please give a short feedback on how your student did in your class.)
Grammar
文法
Pronunciation 発音 Vocabulary
単語
Comprehension
理解
GOOD 文法の誤りはほとんどなく、完全な文章で話すことができる ほとんどの単語をはっきりと正しく発音することができる 習った表現を適切に使うことができる 文章を理解し、質問に正しく答えることができる

FAIR
文法の誤りはあるが、完全な文章で話すことができる 発音の練習が必要な言葉がいくつかある たまにミスはあるが、習った表現を適切に使うことができる 文章を完全に理解するのは難しく、質問に正しく答えられないときもある

POOR
文章で話すのは難しく、単語だけで話すことができる 発音の練習が必要である 習った単語と表現を少しだけ使うことができる 文章を理解するのは難しく、質問に答えるのは難しい
TUTOR FEEDBACK

GRAMMAR
Good: Was able to speak in complete sentences with minimal grammatical errors.
Fair: Was able to speak in complete sentences with evident grammatical errors.
Poor: Was able to speak using words only.
PRONUNCIATION
Good: Was able to pronounce most of the words clearly and correctly.
Fair: Mispronounced a few words.
Poor: Mispronounced most of the words.
VOCABULARY
Good: Used appropriate expressions learned in class.
Fair: Used appropriate expressions learned in class and made a few errors in word choice.
Poor: Used only a few words and expressions.
COMPREHENSION
Good: Was able to understand the passages and answer the questions correctly.
Fair: Had a little difficulty in understanding passages and answering questions.
Poor: Had a hard time understanding passages and answering questions.

Column Discussion (Expert)|コラムディスカッション(上級)
Lesson30 : French, American Women Win Nobel in Chemistry for Genetic Tool

PART A_1
Let’s learn vocabulary. Listen and repeat the words and the sentences with your tutor.
PART A_2
1. modify /MOD-uh-fahy/
  -to change somewhat the form or qualities of; alter partially; amend
  They modified their report a few minutes before the presentation.
2. composition /kom-puh-ZISH-uhn/
  -manner of being composed; structure:
  The chemical composition of this material is still unknown.
3. alter /AWL-ter/
  -to make different in some particular, as size, style, course, or the like; modify:
  She had her grandmother’s old dress altered to fit her size.
4. ethical /ETH-i-kuhl/
  -pertaining to or dealing with morals or the principles of morality; pertaining to right and wrong in conduct.
  Ethical questions were raised during the unveiling of the new machine.
5. remarkable / ri-MAHR-kuh-buhl/
  -extraordinary:
  He grew up to be a remarkable man just like his father.
PART B_1
Let’s read the article. Please read it aloud, and I will check your pronunciation and intonation.
PART B_2
Female scientists win award for genetic tool
The 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to female scientists who developed a tool that can modify the genetic composition of living things.
French scientist Emmanuelle Charpentier and American scientist Jennifer Doudna successfully came up with CRISPR-cas9 described as “molecular scissors” that can alter DNA which holds the genetic information of a living thing.
Despite the fact that CRISPR-cas9 brings about ethical concerns, Charpentier and Doudna’s genetic tool has aided in delivering new cancer treatments. It is also anticipated that this invention will be applicable in curing hereditary illnesses.
The award-winning scientists hope that their discovery will be utilized to solve biological mysteries and to benefit humankind. Moreover, they wish that this award sends a positive message to the future generation of women who would like to pursue a career in Science. The award comes with a cash prize amounting to $1.1 million which the two remarkable women will share.

PART C_1
Let’s answer comprehension questions. Please answer them based on the article.
PART C_2
1. Who won the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry?
2. What is the genetic tool called?
3. How much was the cash prize they received?
PART D_1
Let’s discuss the article. Please answer the questions below and express your opinions.
PART D_2
1. What can you say about this occurrence?
2. Do you think they deserve to win the award?
3. Who do you think will benefit the most from this invention?
4. What do you think are the characteristics of an award-winning scientist?
5. What can you say about the other scientists who are just as remarkable but never awarded a Nobel prize?
REVIEW AND FEEDBACK
Now, let us review the things that you learned in this lesson.
(Please give a short feedback on how your student did in your class.)
Grammar
文法
Pronunciation 発音 Vocabulary
単語
Comprehension
理解
GOOD 文法の誤りはほとんどなく、完全な文章で話すことができる ほとんどの単語をはっきりと正しく発音することができる 習った表現を適切に使うことができる 文章を理解し、質問に正しく答えることができる

FAIR
文法の誤りはあるが、完全な文章で話すことができる 発音の練習が必要な言葉がいくつかある たまにミスはあるが、習った表現を適切に使うことができる 文章を完全に理解するのは難しく、質問に正しく答えられないときもある

POOR
文章で話すのは難しく、単語だけで話すことができる 発音の練習が必要である 習った単語と表現を少しだけ使うことができる 文章を理解するのは難しく、質問に答えるのは難しい
TUTOR FEEDBACK

GRAMMAR
Good: Was able to speak in complete sentences with minimal grammatical errors.
Fair: Was able to speak in complete sentences with evident grammatical errors.
Poor: Was able to speak using words only.
PRONUNCIATION
Good: Was able to pronounce most of the words clearly and correctly.
Fair: Mispronounced a few words.
Poor: Mispronounced most of the words.
VOCABULARY
Good: Used appropriate expressions learned in class.
Fair: Used appropriate expressions learned in class and made a few errors in word choice.
Poor: Used only a few words and expressions.
COMPREHENSION
Good: Was able to understand the passages and answer the questions correctly.
Fair: Had a little difficulty in understanding passages and answering questions.
Poor: Had a hard time understanding passages and answering questions.