Human activities have been the primary cause of climate change since the 1800s, due to the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas. Climate change is now causing severe droughts, water scarcity, devastating fires, rising sea levels, flooding, melting polar ice, catastrophic storms, and declining biodiversity.

There are many species of life in the ocean. Since life in the ocean is always food for something else, the food webs are complex and kept in a fine balance. Humans are also included in this food web. Which means, human activities such as overfishing or polluting water cause something bad for humans in the end.

Moreover, the ocean helps reduce carbon dioxide. It absorbs about 30% of the carbon dioxide that humans produce. However, because the amount of carbon dioxide, or greenhouse gas, is so large, it causes water to warm up. Because of human activities, the ocean has been damaged, and this has led to the loss of ocean ecosystems.

Every minute, one million plastic drinking bottles are purchased, and up to 5 trillion single-use plastic bags are used annually.

Plastic pollution endangers the health of marine species, food safety, human health, and coastal tourism, and it contributes to climate change. Seabirds, whales, fish, and turtles mistake plastic waste for prey, and they die of starvation as their stomachs fill with plastic.

Ocean warming, acidification, and oxygen depletion are all being worsened by human-caused carbon emissions. The ocean has absorbed more than 90 percent of the additional heat in the climate system. As a result, ocean temperatures have reached record highs, causing a global marine heatwave.

More than 80% of all animals, plants, and insects live in forests. Not only that, but forests also provide a living for about 1.6 billion people. However, the world lost 3.3 million hectares of forest land between 2010 and 2015.

Forests have a large influence on weather patterns, water and soil quality, as well as flood prevention. The majority of deforestation is caused by food production.

Trees absorb and store carbon dioxide (CO2). When forests are cut down, CO2 and other greenhouse gases are released. Deforestation is responsible for about 10% of global warming.

Forests play an important role in preventing global warming. Global warming is disrupting the natural order of breeding and resource availability. For example, inhabitants living on ice are at risk as more heat melts their habitats.

Another reason behind biodiversity loss is overexploitation. Overhunting threatens the extinction of animals. Wildlife trafficking continues, with roughly 7,000 species of animals and plants documented in illegal trade in 120 nations. 8 percent of the 8,300 recorded animal breeds are extinct, and 22 percent are on the verge of extinction.

Rapid urbanization puts freshwater resources, sewage, the living environment, and public health at risk. Rivers, lakes, and aquifers are drying out or polluted to the point of being unusable. Cities are responsible for 60-80 percent of world energy use and 75 percent of carbon emissions.

Responsible consumption and production lower health hazards and contribute to a higher quality of life. However, an estimated 1/3 of all food produced each year is wasted owing to poor shipping and harvesting techniques. Additionally, a 2019 estimate shows that 38 million children are overweight.

A decrease in land and marine environments, declining soil fertility, excessive water usage, and overfishing harm the ability to produce food. In 2019, approximately 931 million tonnes of food waste were recorded, with households accounting for 61% of the total. When food is lost or disposed of, all of the resources used to produce it are also wasted. Reduced food loss and waste can help ensure environmental sustainability and efficiency.

Humans pollute rivers and lakes at a rate that exceeds nature’s ability to recycle and purify them. For example, the textile sector is currently the second-largest polluter of pure water, behind agriculture. And many fashion companies in developing nations exploit textile employees.

We can help by choosing sustainable options whenever possible and aiming for zero-waste fashion. We may shop at a vintage or thrift store for clothing. We can donate garments to charities or sell them at consignment stores if we no longer wear them. We can also save water by washing our clothes less frequently.

We can put pressure on businesses to stop polluting the water and adopt sustainable practices if we buy from sustainable and local sources.

Rapid urbanization puts freshwater resources, sewage, the living environment, and public health at risk. Cities account for 60–80 percent of global energy use and 75 percent of carbon emissions.

Using carbon-free transportation is the easiest way we can try.

Responsible consumption and production contribute to better well-being. If we can supply and consume food fairly, we will be able to help solve problems like hunger and obesity.

However, declines in land and marine environments, as well as declining soil fertility, harm the ability to produce food.
In 2019, moreover, around 931 million metric tons of food waste were recorded: 61 percent in households, 26 percent in food service, and 13 percent in retail.

Humans are polluting rivers and lakes faster than nature can recycle and purify them. For example, the apparel and textile industries are now the second-largest polluters of pure water, just behind agriculture.

As consumers, we can help by choosing a sustainable choice whenever possible and aiming for zero-waste fashion. We may buy clothes from a vintage or thrift store. If we have clothes we no longer wear, we can donate them to charities or sell them at thrift stores. We can also save water by washing our clothes less frequently.

Equality is crucial as it promotes social and economic inclusion and prosperity. Developing countries are home to 80 percent of the world’s one billion disabled individuals. Social protection services should be expanded globally.

Currently, about half of the world’s population, 3.5 billion people, live in cities, with 5 billion anticipated to do the same by 2030. Slums still house 828 million people, most of whom reside in Eastern and Southeast Asia.

Rapid urbanization puts freshwater resources, sewage systems, the living environment, and public health at risk. Freshwater is extremely scarce, accounting for about 3 percent of the world’s water. Rivers, lakes, and aquifers are drying out or polluted to the point of being unusable.

Despite covering only 3 percent of the Earth’s land, cities are responsible for 60-80 percent of world energy use and 75 percent of carbon emissions. The smog and air pollution they emit cause climate change by trapping heat.

By 2050, 70 percent of the world’s population is anticipated to inhabit urban areas. Besides, Asia and Africa might account for 90 percent of urban growth over the next 30 years.

Copenhagen, Denmark, is one of the most eco-friendly and energy-efficient cities in the world. Over a third of all transportation fossil-fuel use has been eliminated, equal to 90,000 tons of greenhouse gases each year. Copenhagen’s bicycles are the primary method of transportation, with well-maintained bike lanes.

Cape Town, South Africa, has also turned to innovative technologies to help make the city more environmentally friendly. Cape Town has invested in its rapid service, My CiTi, which allows people to mount their bikes on buses for free to assist them around without having to use a car.

Equality is important for everyone in order to promote inclusive social and economic growth. 80 percent of the one billion people with disabilities live in developing countries. However, only some people who need special assistance can receive disability benefits. Social protection services should be expanded globally.

Rapid urbanization is taking place in every part of the world. However, 828 million people are still living in slums. Rapid urbanization has a huge impact on people living in both cities and slums.

For example, the most precious freshwater resources, sewage systems, the living environment, and public health are all under strain from rapid urbanization. Rivers, lakes, and aquifers are drying up or becoming too polluted to use.

Cities, on the other hand, consume 60–80 percent of global energy and emit 75 percent of carbon dioxide. While cities account for only 3 percent of the Earth’s land surface, the smog and air pollution they produce cause climate change.

Copenhagen, Denmark is one of the world’s most environmentally-friendly and energy-efficient cities. Over a third of all transportation fossil-fuel use has been eliminated, equal to 90,000 tons of greenhouse gases each year. Copenhagen’s main mode of transportation is bicycles, providing well-maintained bike lanes.

Cape Town, South Africa, has also sought new technologies to make the city more sustainable. Cape Town has invested in its quick service called My CiTi, which allows bikes on buses for free to help people move around without a car.

“Artificial intelligence” (AI) stands for “intelligence developed artificially with powerful computers and software”. We tend to think that AI works only in large computer systems, but it is also used in smartphones and car navigation systems to work out the quickest route to the next location. The science of “Deep Learning,” which was developed by referring to the complex network of the human brain, is what has evolved AI forward so quickly. This technique is similar to how human children naturally learn what a “cat” is; but, once AI has begun learning, it can learn much more quickly than human children. It may soon be able to distinguish the sounds and feel of a cat thanks to sensors.

In the future, AI robots may replace humans in hard, uninteresting, and dangerous tasks. Mobile translation machines may be able to assist us in communicating with people all around the world. “AI doctors” using large volumes of data could rapidly discover diseases. 

Should we be so optimistic? Maybe not. 18% of AI professionals believe artificial intelligence could endanger human existence. 13% believe AI could be disadvantageous to humanity. “AI can potentially become even more lethal than nuclear weapons,” Dr. Stephen Hawking said. We can no longer stop AI’s advancement and may overtake humans with AI at some point, but we can avoid the possible dangers and make them helpful to humans.

The delivery of services through economic and social infrastructure is one of the most important functions of the government. People want and need the availability of services like clean water, public transport, establishments, internet access, and electricity. In 2018, 90 percent of people had internet access via 3G or faster networks.

Equality is essential because it promotes social and economic inclusion as well as prosperity. 80 percent of the world’s one billion disabled people live in developing countries. However, only 28% of people with disabilities in the world have access to disability benefits, with only 1% in low-income countries.

Inequality affects the migrant labor market as well. The migrant pay gap has widened in certain high-income countries over the last five years. Furthermore, according to a report by the Centre for Ageing Better, older women are more likely than older men to live in poverty, be socially isolated, live in poor housing, become ill, and die younger. It is the result of a lifetime of unequal pay and working conditions only for women.

Social protection programs urge the most vulnerable people to stay healthy, pursue education, and look for work to avoid poverty. Particularly because people with disabilities are five times more likely than the general population to have high health care costs, such systems have been pushed to expand their services globally.

The Takaful and Karama programs “Solidarity and Dignity”, which began in Egypt in 2015, provided financial assistance to families in exchange for their children staying in school and receiving good health care. Poor citizens over the age of 65 have also benefited from the program, which provides them with tiny monthly pensions. The initiative benefited more than 10% of Egypt’s population.

The delivery of services through economic and social infrastructure is one of the most important functions of the government. In 2018, 90 percent of people had access to the internet via 3G or faster networks. The Internet is essential in today’s digital age because it gives us an almost limitless supply of information.

Equality matters because it promotes inclusive social and economic growth. 80 percent of the one billion people with disabilities live in developing countries. Moreover, only 28 percent of people with disabilities worldwide have access to disability benefits, with only 1 percent in low-income countries.

Inequality affects migrant labor as well. They are more likely to work in lower-skilled and lower-paid jobs. Because of the discrimination during the hiring process, the job does not match their education and skills.
Additionally, a report by the Centre for Ageing Better shows that older women are more likely to be poor. Women tend to get lifetime lower pay and unequal working conditions.

Social protection helps vulnerable people. It supports them to stay healthy, pursue education, and look for work in order to avoid poverty. Such systems and services like social protection are needed globally.

The Takaful and Karama programs “Solidarity and Dignity” began in Egypt in 2015. It gave families financial assistance in exchange for their children staying in school and receiving good health care. Poor citizens over the age of 65 have also benefited from the program, which provides them with tiny monthly pensions. More than 10% of Egypt’s population benefited from the initiative.

Working ensures people’s financial security and allows them to meet their basic needs. It also aids in the development of society and the economy of the country.
Underdeveloped countries, on the other hand, rely on child labor to meet their basic needs. Nearly one out of every ten children on the globe is subjected to child labor.

Economic and social infrastructure are needed to provide amenities people demand, such as clean water, public transportation, establishments, internet connections, and energy. In 2018, 90 percent of people had Internet connections using 3G or higher-speed networks. In today’s digital age, the Internet is crucial because it provides us with quick access to a virtually limitless library of information.

With the Internet, residents of remote areas can easily apply for microloans, participate in e-banking, and more. It also reduces the educational gap between urban and rural areas. Tablets and other mobile electronic devices are being utilized to provide important classroom training to learners who would otherwise be unable to get them.

The amount of new renewable energy capacity established in 2019 was the highest ever. This includes the installation of wind turbines and new solar systems. Digitally-enabled platforms are estimated to account for 70 percent of new economic value created over the next decade.

Improved remote learning opportunities are now available thanks to 5G technology. Its sheer speed would considerably improve the quality of such learning by allowing for rapid participation without consuming a lot of energy. Students in far African villages, for example, would be able to engage in classes in real-time. With this, it is possible to achieve equality with a better education system that uses 5G technology. Furthermore, doctors can use virtual reality technology and 3D imaging to perform remote surgery with 5G.